diff --git a/Documentation/API.md b/Documentation/API.md
index 156fab5..bbdf612 100644
--- a/Documentation/API.md
+++ b/Documentation/API.md
@@ -164,8 +164,25 @@ Painting detail with influence graph neighbours.
 ```json
 {
   "painting": { "id": 10, "title": "...", "artist_name": "...", "image_path": "...", "has_influence_links": true, ... },
-  "influencedBy": [ { "id": 3, "title": "...", "artist_name": "...", "notes": "...", "aspects": "...", "quote": "...", "source_author": "...", ... } ],
-  "influenced": [ { "id": 20, "title": "...", ... } ]
+  "influencedBy": [
+    {
+      "source_type": "painting",
+      "id": 3, "title": "...", "artist_name": "...", "year": 1885,
+      "notes": "...", "aspects": "...", "quote": "...", "source_author": "...", "source_url": "..."
+    },
+    {
+      "source_type": "artist",
+      "source_artist_id": 12, "source_artist_name": "Paul Cézanne",
+      "artist_portrait": "...", "period_note": "during creation (1907)",
+      "period_start_year": 1907, "period_end_year": 1907
+    },
+    {
+      "source_type": "movement",
+      "movement_id": 8, "movement_name": "Fauvism", "movement_color": "#c45c26",
+      "period_start_year": 1905, "period_end_year": 1907
+    }
+  ],
+  "influenced": [ { "source_type": "painting", "id": 20, "title": "...", ... } ]
 }
 ```
 
diff --git a/Documentation/DB_structure.md b/Documentation/DB_structure.md
index 4458b81..ca56dcf 100644
--- a/Documentation/DB_structure.md
+++ b/Documentation/DB_structure.md
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ erDiagram
   artist_periods ||--o{ paintings : groups
   paintings ||--o{ painting_influences : influenced_by
   paintings ||--o{ painting_influences : influences
+  paintings ||--o{ painting_influence_sources : influenced_by
+  artists ||--o{ painting_influence_sources : artist_source
+  art_movements ||--o{ painting_influence_sources : movement_source
 ```
 
 ## Tables
@@ -114,7 +117,35 @@ Directed edges: *this painting* was influenced by *that painting*.
 
 Unique constraint on `(painting_id, influenced_by_painting_id)`.
 
-Used by the 3D gallery exit panel: predecessors are artists of `influenced_by_painting_id` works; successors are artists of paintings influenced by this artist’s works (see [API.md](API.md#get-apiartistsidnavigation)).
+Used by the 3D gallery exit panel: predecessors are artists of `influenced_by_painting_id` works; successors are artists of paintings influenced by this artist’s works (see [API.md](API.md#get-apiartistsidnavigation)). Legacy table; new polymorphic links live in `painting_influence_sources`.
+
+### `painting_influence_sources`
+
+Polymorphic influence links: *this painting* was influenced by a **painting**, **artist**, or **movement**.
+
+| Column | Type | Notes |
+|--------|------|-------|
+| `id` | SERIAL PK | |
+| `painting_id` | FK → `paintings` | The work being explained |
+| `source_type` | VARCHAR(20) | `painting`, `artist`, or `movement` |
+| `source_painting_id` | FK → `paintings` | When `source_type = painting` |
+| `source_artist_id` | FK → `artists` | When `source_type = artist` |
+| `source_movement_id` | FK → `art_movements` | When `source_type = movement` |
+| `period_note` | VARCHAR(240) | Human-readable period label |
+| `period_start_year` | INTEGER | Optional span start |
+| `period_end_year` | INTEGER | Optional span end |
+| `notes` | TEXT | Curator summary |
+| `source` | VARCHAR(500) | General attribution |
+| `aspects` | TEXT | What was borrowed |
+| `quote` | TEXT | Short citation |
+| `source_author` | VARCHAR(200) | e.g. Gombrich, Janson |
+| `source_url` | VARCHAR(500) | Reference link |
+| `discovered_via` | VARCHAR(120) | e.g. `wikipedia`, `wikidata`, `web:metmuseum.org` |
+| `confidence` | VARCHAR(20) | `curated` (default) or `discovered` |
+
+Unique index on `(painting_id, source_type, source_painting_id, source_artist_id, source_movement_id)` with COALESCE for null FKs.
+
+Used by painting detail API (`influencedBy`). Painting-type rows also feed `has_influence_links` and hall navigation (with legacy `painting_influences`).
 
 ## Indexes
 
@@ -122,6 +153,7 @@ Used by the 3D gallery exit panel: predecessors are artists of `influenced_by_pa
 - `paintings(artist_id)`, `paintings(period_id)`
 - `art_movements(era_id)`, `art_movements(start_year, end_year)`
 - `painting_influences(painting_id)`, `painting_influences(influenced_by_painting_id)`
+- `painting_influence_sources(painting_id)`, `painting_influence_sources(source_artist_id)`, `painting_influence_sources(source_movement_id)`
 
 ## First-time setup
 
diff --git a/Documentation/basics.md b/Documentation/basics.md
index 4f9973c..1e4ae18 100644
--- a/Documentation/basics.md
+++ b/Documentation/basics.md
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ The app is organised as a **drill-down hierarchy**:
 1. **Timeline** — historical eras (Ancient → Contemporary) with definite or fuzzy date boundaries.
 2. **Movement flow** — art movements as curved SVG streams on the same year axis; documented predecessor→successor branches; portrait thumbnails placed along each stream.
 3. **3D gallery** — one personal hall per artist; paintings on the walls, open centre, single exit for influence-based navigation.
-4. **Painting detail** — full work in the centre, *Influenced By* on the left, *Influenced* on the right, prev/next catalog browsing, optional fullscreen, link to artist biography.
+4. **Painting detail** — full work in the centre, *Influenced By* on the left, *Influenced* on the right (paintings, artists, or movements), prev/next catalog browsing, optional fullscreen, link to artist biography.
 5. **Artist biography** — portrait, lifespan, movement, and Wikipedia-sourced intro text (`bio_short` / `bio_full`).
 
 All artwork images are stored locally under `data/images/` — the UI never hot-links to Wikipedia or Commons at runtime (except optional on-demand fetch when a file is missing).
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ Each artist appears as a **portrait circle** on their movement’s stream row:
 
 Artist portraits stop wheel/drag propagation so zooming over a face does not fight portrait clicks.
 
-**Note:** Movement lineage is **frontend curation** for layout and labels — it is not stored in PostgreSQL. Painting-to-painting influence edges (`painting_influences`) are separate and drive the 3D exit picker and detail panels.
+**Note:** Movement lineage is **frontend curation** for layout and labels — it is not stored in PostgreSQL. Painting influence links (`painting_influence_sources`, plus legacy `painting_influences` for hall navigation) are separate and drive the 3D exit picker and detail panels.
 
 ## Virtual gallery (3D halls)
 
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ Opened from the 3D hall (click a frame) or from influence thumbnails on another
 
 | Layer | What you see |
 |-------|----------------|
-| **Detail** | Centre image, *Influenced By* (left) and *Influenced* (right), position in catalog (e.g. `3 of 12`) |
+| **Detail** | Centre image, *Influenced By* (left) and *Influenced* (right) — painting thumbnails, artist portraits, or movement swatches — position in catalog (e.g. `3 of 12`) |
 | **Fullscreen** | Click the centre image; `Escape` or click anywhere to return to detail only |
 
 **Controls:**
@@ -202,6 +202,7 @@ Opened from the 3D hall (click a frame) or from influence thumbnails on another
 | `←` / `→` | Same as prev / next (disabled while fullscreen is open) |
 | Click centre image | Open fullscreen lightbox |
 | Click influence thumbnail | Open that work’s detail (different artist allowed) |
+| Click influence artist portrait | Open that artist’s 3D gallery hall |
 | **← Back to Gallery** | Return to the hall you entered from — **3D camera position is preserved** |
 | **About {artist}** | Open artist biography |
 
@@ -217,9 +218,9 @@ Opened from the 3D hall (click a frame) or from influence thumbnails on another
 - **Movement filtering** on zoom only shows movements that have at least one artist active in the visible year range.
 - **Movement lineage** (`movement-lineage.ts`) documents art-historical predecessor→successor links for the flow diagram; extend that file to add or correct branches.
 - **One hall per artist** keeps navigation predictable: enter from the timeline or bio, leave via the single exit or back button.
-- **Influence-based hall links** connect artists through documented painting-to-painting relationships, grouped by movement at the exit.
+- **Influence-based hall links** connect artists through documented painting relationships, grouped by movement at the exit.
 - **3D gallery images** use locally cached files only; slow remote fetches would break realtime rendering.
-- **Influence data** is stored as directed edges between paintings, with optional citation fields (source author, quote, URL) for art-historical references.
+- **Influence data** is stored as directed links from paintings to sources (another painting, an artist, or a movement), with optional period fields and citation metadata (source author, quote, URL).
 
 ## Related docs
 
diff --git a/Documentation/data-and-images.md b/Documentation/data-and-images.md
index 1484e8b..5e767a2 100644
--- a/Documentation/data-and-images.md
+++ b/Documentation/data-and-images.md
@@ -113,22 +113,68 @@ Renaissance and medieval masters with large museum catalog dumps (e.g. Raphael,
 
 ## Painting influence graph
 
-Directed edges in `painting_influences` drive:
+Directed influence links are stored in **`painting_influence_sources`**. Each row connects a painting to a **source** of type `painting`, `artist`, or `movement`, with optional period context (e.g. influence during the work’s creation year).
 
-- **Painting detail** — *Influenced By* (left) and *Influenced* (right) panels with notes, aspects, and citations
-- **3D hall exit** — predecessor and successor artists grouped by movement
-- **3D gallery lamps** — a golden picture light above any frame whose work has an influence edge (`has_influence_links` on painting API responses)
+The legacy **`painting_influences`** table (painting-to-painting only) is still written for hall navigation compatibility and is backfilled into `painting_influence_sources` on migration.
+
+Influence data drives:
+
+- **Painting detail** — *Influenced By* (left) and *Influenced* (right) panels: painting thumbnails, artist portraits, or movement colour swatches, plus notes, aspects, period labels, and citations
+- **3D hall exit** — predecessor and successor artists grouped by movement (painting edges only)
+- **3D gallery lamps** — golden picture light above frames with any influence edge (`has_influence_links` on painting API responses)
+
+### One-time migration
+
+```bash
+npm run migrate:influence-sources   # create table + backfill legacy painting edges
+```
+
+### Curated updates
 
 `npm run update-influences` runs `scripts/update-influences.js` against `scripts/art-influences-data.js`:
 
 ```bash
-npm run update-influences                    # insert edges; create missing artists/paintings
-npm run update-influences -- --fetch-images  # also download images for newly created works
+npm run update-influences                         # insert curated edges
+npm run update-influences -- --fetch-images       # also download images for newly created works
+npm run update-influences -- --discover           # curated + web discovery pass
+npm run discover-influences                       # discovery only (no curated file pass)
+npm run update-influences -- --discover --limit=20  # cap discovery to N works
 ```
 
-Each entry defines a later `work` influenced by an earlier `influencedBy` painting, plus optional curator fields (`notes`, `aspects`, `source_author`, `source`). When `artistMeta` is included, missing artists are created with movement and lifespan. Missing paintings are inserted with `wikipedia_title` for image fetch.
+Each entry defines a later `work` and one or more `influencedBy` sources. Legacy single-object form is still supported:
 
-Extend the data file to add lineage chains (e.g. Giotto → Masaccio → Michelangelo → Manet → Picasso → Warhol). New bridge artists may include Géricault, Friedrich, Constable, Giorgione, Poussin, de Chirico, and Böcklin.
+```javascript
+{ work: { artist: '...', title: '...', year: 1907 },
+  influencedBy: { artist: 'Giotto', title: 'Lamentation' } }
+```
+
+Multi-source form (painting, artist, movement):
+
+```javascript
+{
+  work: { artist: 'Pablo Picasso', title: "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon", year: 1907 },
+  influencedBy: [
+    { type: 'painting', artist: 'Paul Cézanne', title: 'The Bathers' },
+    { type: 'artist', artist: 'Paul Cézanne', period: { duringCreation: true } },
+    { type: 'movement', movement: 'Fauvism', period: { start: 1905, end: 1907, note: '...' } },
+  ],
+  notes, aspects, source_author, source, source_url,
+}
+```
+
+When `artistMeta` is included, missing artists are created with movement and lifespan. Missing paintings are inserted with `wikipedia_title` for image fetch.
+
+### Web discovery
+
+`scripts/influence-discovery.js` searches art-history sources when `--discover` or `--discover-only` is passed:
+
+- Wikipedia summaries and Wikidata **P737** (influenced by)
+- Met Museum collection API
+- DuckDuckGo site-restricted search across TheArtStory, Met, Google Arts & Culture, NGA, Art Institute of Chicago, MoMA, Britannica, JSTOR, Oxford Art Online, WikiArt, and Wikipedia
+
+Discovered rows are stored with `confidence: discovered` and `discovered_via` (e.g. `wikipedia`, `wikidata`, `met`, `web:theartstory.org`). Period hints are inferred when the source text mentions influence during creation or a date range overlapping the work’s year.
+
+Extend `art-influences-data.js` for high-quality curated chains; use discovery to suggest additional artist and movement links for manual review.
 
 ## Movement lineage (frontend flow diagram)
 
diff --git a/Documentation/setup.md b/Documentation/setup.md
index 5aa2a98..196b11b 100644
--- a/Documentation/setup.md
+++ b/Documentation/setup.md
@@ -111,8 +111,11 @@ Open http://localhost:3001 (or your configured `PORT`).
 | `npm run migrate:thumbnails` | `db/migrate-thumbnails.sql` | Add thumbnail columns |
 | `npm run fetch-artist-images` | `scripts/fetch-artist-images.js` | Backfill portrait files *(if present)* |
 | `npm run sync-image-paths` | `scripts/sync-image-paths.js` | Align DB paths with disk *(if present)* |
-| `npm run update-influences` | `scripts/update-influences.js` | Insert influence edges from `art-influences-data.js` |
+| `npm run migrate:influence-sources` | `scripts/migrate-influence-sources.js` | Create `painting_influence_sources` + backfill legacy edges |
+| `npm run update-influences` | `scripts/update-influences.js` | Insert influence links (painting / artist / movement) from `art-influences-data.js` |
 | `npm run update-influences -- --fetch-images` | ↑ | Also download images for newly created works |
+| `npm run update-influences -- --discover` | ↑ | Curated pass + web discovery (Wikipedia, Wikidata, Met, art-history sites) |
+| `npm run discover-influences` | `update-influences.js --discover-only` | Discovery pass only |
 
 ### Scripts in the repository
 
@@ -121,7 +124,8 @@ These are checked in and maintained:
 - `image-fetcher.js` — Wikimedia / museum image resolution
 - `fetch-artist-bios.js` — artist biographies
 - `expand-paintings.js` + `famous-paintings-data.js` — catalog expansion
-- `update-influences.js` + `art-influences-data.js` — painting influence graph
+- `update-influences.js` + `art-influences-data.js` — influence graph (paintings, artists, movements)
+- `influence-discovery.js` + `influence-resolver.js` — web discovery and polymorphic source resolution
 - `fetch-missing-images.js` — batch image backfill
 - `regenerate-thumbnails.js`, `audit-painting-images.js`
 
@@ -153,7 +157,7 @@ After clone: copy `.env.example` → `.env`, install dependencies, run `npm run
 | Wrong painting in 3D gallery frame | Stale or mismatched thumbnail file | `npm run regenerate-thumbnails`; gallery prefers full `image_path` |
 | Wrong painting image (fetch) | Bad museum / search match on first download | Add entry to `DIRECT_IMAGE_OVERRIDES` in `scripts/image-fetcher.js`, re-fetch file |
 | Empty exit navigation lists | No `painting_influences` edges for artist | `npm run update-influences` |
-| Empty *Influenced By* / *Influenced* on painting detail | No edges for that work | `npm run update-influences`; extend `art-influences-data.js` |
+| Empty *Influenced By* / *Influenced* on painting detail | No edges for that work | `npm run migrate:influence-sources` then `npm run update-influences`; extend `art-influences-data.js` or run `--discover` |
 | No golden lamps above frames in 3D hall | Stale API process or no influence edges | Restart server after API changes; run `npm run update-influences` |
 | Default Vite page instead of gallery | `client/dist` missing or stale | `cd client && npm run build` |
 | Permission denied creating tables | `gallery` user lacks CREATE | Run admin grants, then migrate |
diff --git a/client/src/api/client.ts b/client/src/api/client.ts
index 9ad02f7..6d8a2cd 100644
--- a/client/src/api/client.ts
+++ b/client/src/api/client.ts
@@ -46,6 +46,34 @@ export async function preloadArtistImages(artistId: number): Promise<{ fetched:
   return res.json();
 }
 
+export interface DebugImageSearchResult {
+  query: string;
+  imageUrl: string | null;
+  searchUrl: string;
+  source: string;
+  sourceLabel?: string;
+  thumbUrl?: string;
+}
+
+export interface PaintingCheckupRow {
+  id: number;
+  title: string;
+  artist_name: string;
+  year: number | null;
+  gallery_file: string | null;
+  gallery_preview: string | null;
+  detail_file: string;
+  detail_preview: string | null;
+  detail_on_demand: boolean;
+  gallery_file_exists: boolean;
+  detail_file_exists: boolean | null;
+}
+
+export interface PaintingCheckupData {
+  paintings: PaintingCheckupRow[];
+  total: number;
+}
+
 export const api = {
   getBounds: () => fetchJson<YearBounds>(`${API}/bounds`),
 
@@ -66,4 +94,26 @@ export const api = {
     fetchJson<ArtistNavigation>(`${API}/artists/${id}/navigation`),
 
   getPainting: (id: number) => fetchJson<PaintingDetail>(`${API}/paintings/${id}`),
+
+  getPaintingDebugImageSearch: (id: number) =>
+    fetchJson<DebugImageSearchResult>(`${API}/paintings/${id}/debug-image-search`),
+
+  fixPaintingImage: (id: number, imageUrl: string) =>
+    fetch(`${API}/paintings/${id}/fix-image`, {
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+      body: JSON.stringify({ imageUrl }),
+    }).then(async (res) => {
+      if (!res.ok) {
+        const body = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+        throw new Error(body.error || `Fix failed: ${res.status}`);
+      }
+      return res.json() as Promise<{ imagePath: string; thumbnailPath: string }>;
+    }),
+
+  getPaintingCheckup: () => fetchJson<PaintingCheckupData>(`${API}/paintings/checkup`),
 };
+
+export function debugImageProxyUrl(imageUrl: string): string {
+  return `${API}/debug/image-proxy?url=${encodeURIComponent(imageUrl)}`;
+}
diff --git a/client/src/components/PaintingDetail.css b/client/src/components/PaintingDetail.css
index 0fc3fb1..ce1770a 100644
--- a/client/src/components/PaintingDetail.css
+++ b/client/src/components/PaintingDetail.css
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 .painting-detail {
+  position: relative;
   min-height: 100vh;
   background: linear-gradient(180deg, #1a1a2e 0%, #0f0f1a 100%);
   color: #e8d5b5;
@@ -164,6 +165,48 @@
   color: #c9a96e;
 }
 
+.influence-title-static {
+  cursor: default;
+}
+
+.influence-card-movement {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: row;
+}
+
+.influence-movement-swatch {
+  width: 12px;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.influence-card-artist .influence-portrait-btn img {
+  height: 120px;
+  object-fit: cover;
+  object-position: top center;
+}
+
+.influence-period {
+  font-size: 11px;
+  color: #a89070;
+  font-style: italic;
+  margin: 0;
+}
+
+.influence-discovered-tag {
+  font-size: 10px;
+  color: #7a6a55;
+  font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.influence-title-btn:disabled {
+  cursor: default;
+  opacity: 0.85;
+}
+
+.influence-image-btn:disabled {
+  cursor: default;
+}
+
 .influence-aspects {
   display: flex;
   flex-wrap: wrap;
@@ -366,6 +409,80 @@
   color: rgba(232, 213, 181, 0.85);
 }
 
+.debug-image-panel {
+  position: fixed;
+  left: 16px;
+  bottom: 16px;
+  z-index: 60;
+  width: min(280px, calc(100vw - 32px));
+  padding: 12px;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(232, 160, 64, 0.45);
+  background: rgba(15, 15, 26, 0.94);
+  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
+  font-family: ui-monospace, 'Cascadia Code', monospace;
+}
+
+.debug-image-panel h4 {
+  margin: 0 0 6px;
+  font-size: 11px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  color: #e8a040;
+}
+
+.debug-image-query {
+  margin: 0 0 8px;
+  font-size: 10px;
+  line-height: 1.4;
+  color: rgba(232, 213, 181, 0.75);
+  word-break: break-word;
+}
+
+.debug-image-preview {
+  display: block;
+  width: 100%;
+  max-height: 160px;
+  object-fit: contain;
+  background: #2a1f15;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  margin-bottom: 8px;
+}
+
+.debug-fix-btn {
+  width: 100%;
+  padding: 8px 10px;
+  border: 1px solid #e8a040;
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  background: rgba(232, 160, 64, 0.15);
+  color: #e8a040;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.debug-fix-btn:hover:not(:disabled) {
+  background: rgba(232, 160, 64, 0.28);
+}
+
+.debug-fix-btn:disabled {
+  opacity: 0.6;
+  cursor: wait;
+}
+
+.debug-image-status {
+  margin: 0;
+  font-size: 10px;
+  color: rgba(201, 169, 110, 0.7);
+}
+
+.debug-image-error {
+  margin: 0 0 8px;
+  font-size: 10px;
+  color: #ff8a80;
+}
+
 @media (max-width: 1024px) {
   .painting-layout {
     grid-template-columns: 1fr;
diff --git a/client/src/components/PaintingDetail.tsx b/client/src/components/PaintingDetail.tsx
index 17972e3..2229623 100644
--- a/client/src/components/PaintingDetail.tsx
+++ b/client/src/components/PaintingDetail.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { useEffect, useState, type SyntheticEvent } from 'react';
-import type { Painting, PaintingDetail } from '../types';
-import { paintingImageUrl } from '../api/client';
+import type { InfluenceLink, Painting, PaintingDetail } from '../types';
+import { api, debugImageProxyUrl, imageUrl, paintingImageUrl, type DebugImageSearchResult } from '../api/client';
 import PaintingLightbox from './PaintingLightbox';
 import './PaintingDetail.css';
 
@@ -11,30 +11,148 @@ interface Props {
   onPaintingClick: (paintingId: number) => void;
   onCatalogNavigate: (paintingId: number) => void;
   onArtistBio: () => void;
+  onInfluenceArtistClick?: (artistId: number) => void;
+  debugMode?: boolean;
+  onPaintingImageFixed?: (paintingId: number) => void | Promise<void>;
+}
+
+function influenceKey(inf: InfluenceLink, index: number): string {
+  if (inf.source_type === 'movement') return `movement-${inf.movement_id ?? inf.movement_name}-${index}`;
+  if (inf.source_type === 'artist') return `artist-${inf.source_artist_id ?? inf.source_artist_name}-${index}`;
+  return `painting-${inf.id}-${index}`;
+}
+
+function periodLabel(inf: InfluenceLink): string | null {
+  if (inf.period_note) return inf.period_note;
+  if (inf.period_start_year != null && inf.period_end_year != null) {
+    return `${inf.period_start_year}–${inf.period_end_year}`;
+  }
+  if (inf.period_start_year != null) return `from ${inf.period_start_year}`;
+  return null;
 }
 
 function InfluenceCard({
   inf,
   onPaintingClick,
+  onInfluenceArtistClick,
 }: {
-  inf: PaintingDetail['influencedBy'][0];
+  inf: InfluenceLink;
   onPaintingClick: (id: number) => void;
+  onInfluenceArtistClick?: (artistId: number) => void;
 }) {
   const aspects = inf.aspects
     ? inf.aspects.split(',').map((a) => a.trim()).filter(Boolean)
     : [];
+  const period = periodLabel(inf);
+  const sourceType = inf.source_type || 'painting';
+
+  const meta = (
+    <>
+      {aspects.length > 0 && (
+        <div className="influence-aspects">
+          {aspects.map((aspect) => (
+            <span key={aspect} className="aspect-tag">{aspect}</span>
+          ))}
+        </div>
+      )}
+      {period && <p className="influence-period">{period}</p>}
+      {inf.notes && <p className="influence-notes">{inf.notes}</p>}
+      {inf.quote && (
+        <blockquote className="influence-quote">
+          <p>&ldquo;{inf.quote}&rdquo;</p>
+          {(inf.source_author || inf.source) && (
+            <footer>
+              — {inf.source_author}
+              {inf.source && <cite>, {inf.source}</cite>}
+            </footer>
+          )}
+        </blockquote>
+      )}
+      {inf.source_url && (
+        <a
+          className="influence-source-link"
+          href={inf.source_url}
+          target="_blank"
+          rel="noopener noreferrer"
+          onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
+        >
+          Read source: {inf.source_author || inf.source || 'Reference'}
+        </a>
+      )}
+      {inf.confidence === 'discovered' && inf.discovered_via && (
+        <span className="influence-discovered-tag">Discovered via {inf.discovered_via}</span>
+      )}
+    </>
+  );
+
+  if (sourceType === 'movement') {
+    return (
+      <article className="influence-card-expanded influence-card-movement">
+        <div
+          className="influence-movement-swatch"
+          style={{ background: inf.movement_color || '#8B7355' }}
+          aria-hidden
+        />
+        <div className="influence-body">
+          <div className="influence-title-btn influence-title-static">
+            <strong>{inf.movement_name}</strong>
+            <span>Art movement</span>
+          </div>
+          {meta}
+        </div>
+      </article>
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (sourceType === 'artist') {
+    const artistId = inf.source_artist_id;
+    const artistName = inf.source_artist_name || 'Unknown artist';
+    return (
+      <article className="influence-card-expanded influence-card-artist">
+        <button
+          type="button"
+          className="influence-image-btn influence-portrait-btn"
+          onClick={() => artistId && onInfluenceArtistClick?.(artistId)}
+          title={`View ${artistName}`}
+          disabled={!artistId || !onInfluenceArtistClick}
+        >
+          <img
+            src={imageUrl(inf.artist_portrait)}
+            alt={artistName}
+            onError={(e) => {
+              (e.target as HTMLImageElement).src = '/placeholder-portrait.svg';
+            }}
+          />
+        </button>
+        <div className="influence-body">
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            className="influence-title-btn"
+            onClick={() => artistId && onInfluenceArtistClick?.(artistId)}
+            disabled={!artistId || !onInfluenceArtistClick}
+          >
+            <strong>{artistName}</strong>
+            <span>Artist influence</span>
+          </button>
+          {meta}
+        </div>
+      </article>
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (!inf.id) return null;
 
   return (
     <article className="influence-card-expanded">
       <button
         type="button"
         className="influence-image-btn"
-        onClick={() => onPaintingClick(inf.id)}
+        onClick={() => onPaintingClick(inf.id!)}
         title={`View ${inf.title}`}
       >
         <img
           src={paintingImageUrl({ id: inf.id, image_path: inf.image_path })}
-          alt={inf.title}
+          alt={inf.title || 'Painting'}
           onError={(e) => {
             (e.target as HTMLImageElement).src = '/placeholder-art.svg';
           }}
@@ -42,44 +160,11 @@ function InfluenceCard({
       </button>
 
       <div className="influence-body">
-        <button type="button" className="influence-title-btn" onClick={() => onPaintingClick(inf.id)}>
+        <button type="button" className="influence-title-btn" onClick={() => onPaintingClick(inf.id!)}>
           <strong>{inf.title}</strong>
           <span>{inf.artist_name}{inf.year ? `, ${inf.year}` : ''}</span>
         </button>
-
-        {aspects.length > 0 && (
-          <div className="influence-aspects">
-            {aspects.map((aspect) => (
-              <span key={aspect} className="aspect-tag">{aspect}</span>
-            ))}
-          </div>
-        )}
-
-        {inf.notes && <p className="influence-notes">{inf.notes}</p>}
-
-        {inf.quote && (
-          <blockquote className="influence-quote">
-            <p>&ldquo;{inf.quote}&rdquo;</p>
-            {(inf.source_author || inf.source) && (
-              <footer>
-                — {inf.source_author}
-                {inf.source && <cite>, {inf.source}</cite>}
-              </footer>
-            )}
-          </blockquote>
-        )}
-
-        {inf.source_url && (
-          <a
-            className="influence-source-link"
-            href={inf.source_url}
-            target="_blank"
-            rel="noopener noreferrer"
-            onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
-          >
-            Read source: {inf.source_author || inf.source || 'Reference'}
-          </a>
-        )}
+        {meta}
       </div>
     </article>
   );
@@ -92,10 +177,19 @@ export default function PaintingDetailView({
   onPaintingClick,
   onCatalogNavigate,
   onArtistBio,
+  onInfluenceArtistClick,
+  debugMode = false,
+  onPaintingImageFixed,
 }: Props) {
   const { painting, influencedBy, influenced } = data;
   const [fullscreen, setFullscreen] = useState(false);
-  const imageSrc = paintingImageUrl(painting);
+  const [imageVersion, setImageVersion] = useState(0);
+  const [debugSearch, setDebugSearch] = useState<DebugImageSearchResult | null>(null);
+  const [debugLoading, setDebugLoading] = useState(false);
+  const [debugError, setDebugError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [fixing, setFixing] = useState(false);
+
+  const imageSrc = `${paintingImageUrl(painting)}${paintingImageUrl(painting).includes('?') ? '&' : '?'}v=${imageVersion}`;
 
   const catalogIndex = artistPaintings.findIndex((p) => p.id === painting.id);
   const previousPainting = catalogIndex > 0 ? artistPaintings[catalogIndex - 1] : null;
@@ -107,8 +201,52 @@ export default function PaintingDetailView({
 
   useEffect(() => {
     setFullscreen(false);
+    setImageVersion(0);
   }, [painting.id]);
 
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!debugMode) {
+      setDebugSearch(null);
+      setDebugError(null);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    let cancelled = false;
+    setDebugLoading(true);
+    setDebugError(null);
+    setDebugSearch(null);
+
+    api.getPaintingDebugImageSearch(painting.id)
+      .then((result) => {
+        if (!cancelled) setDebugSearch(result);
+      })
+      .catch(() => {
+        if (!cancelled) setDebugError('Google image search failed.');
+      })
+      .finally(() => {
+        if (!cancelled) setDebugLoading(false);
+      });
+
+    return () => {
+      cancelled = true;
+    };
+  }, [debugMode, painting.id, painting.title, painting.artist_name]);
+
+  const handleFixImage = async () => {
+    if (!debugSearch?.imageUrl || fixing) return;
+    setFixing(true);
+    setDebugError(null);
+    try {
+      await api.fixPaintingImage(painting.id, debugSearch.imageUrl);
+      setImageVersion((v) => v + 1);
+      await onPaintingImageFixed?.(painting.id);
+    } catch (err) {
+      setDebugError(err instanceof Error ? err.message : 'Could not replace image.');
+    } finally {
+      setFixing(false);
+    }
+  };
+
   useEffect(() => {
     if (fullscreen) return;
 
@@ -159,8 +297,13 @@ export default function PaintingDetailView({
             <p className="no-influences">No documented influences for this work.</p>
           ) : (
             <div className="influence-list">
-              {influencedBy.map((inf) => (
-                <InfluenceCard key={inf.id} inf={inf} onPaintingClick={onPaintingClick} />
+              {influencedBy.map((inf, index) => (
+                <InfluenceCard
+                  key={influenceKey(inf, index)}
+                  inf={inf}
+                  onPaintingClick={onPaintingClick}
+                  onInfluenceArtistClick={onInfluenceArtistClick}
+                />
               ))}
             </div>
           )}
@@ -226,14 +369,53 @@ export default function PaintingDetailView({
             <p className="no-influences">No documented works influenced by this painting yet.</p>
           ) : (
             <div className="influence-list">
-              {influenced.map((inf) => (
-                <InfluenceCard key={inf.id} inf={inf} onPaintingClick={onPaintingClick} />
+              {influenced.map((inf, index) => (
+                <InfluenceCard
+                  key={influenceKey(inf, index)}
+                  inf={inf}
+                  onPaintingClick={onPaintingClick}
+                  onInfluenceArtistClick={onInfluenceArtistClick}
+                />
               ))}
             </div>
           )}
         </aside>
       </div>
 
+      {debugMode && (
+        <aside className="debug-image-panel" aria-label="Debug image search">
+          <h4>{debugSearch?.sourceLabel ?? 'Google image search'}</h4>
+          <p className="debug-image-query">
+            {debugSearch?.query ?? `${painting.artist_name} ${painting.title} painting`}
+          </p>
+          {debugLoading && <p className="debug-image-status">Searching…</p>}
+          {debugError && <p className="debug-image-error">{debugError}</p>}
+          {!debugLoading && debugSearch?.imageUrl && (
+            <>
+              <img
+                className="debug-image-preview"
+                src={debugImageProxyUrl(debugSearch.imageUrl)}
+                alt={`Google search result for ${debugSearch.query}`}
+                onError={(e) => {
+                  (e.target as HTMLImageElement).src = '/placeholder-art.svg';
+                }}
+              />
+              <button
+                type="button"
+                className="debug-fix-btn"
+                onClick={handleFixImage}
+                disabled={fixing}
+              >
+                {fixing ? 'Replacing…' : 'Fix it'}
+              </button>
+            </>
+          )}
+          {!debugLoading && debugSearch && !debugSearch.imageUrl && !debugError && (
+            <p className="debug-image-status">No Google image result found.</p>
+          )}
+        </aside>
+      )}
+
       {fullscreen && (
         <PaintingLightbox
           src={imageSrc}
diff --git a/client/src/pages/CheckupPage.css b/client/src/pages/CheckupPage.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26974c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/src/pages/CheckupPage.css
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+.checkup-page {
+  min-height: 100vh;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #0f0f1a 0%, #1a1a2e 40%, #16213e 100%);
+  color: #e8d5b5;
+}
+
+.checkup-header {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: flex-start;
+  gap: 16px;
+  padding: 20px 24px 12px;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(201, 169, 110, 0.25);
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.checkup-back-btn {
+  padding: 8px 14px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(201, 169, 110, 0.35);
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  background: rgba(15, 15, 26, 0.85);
+  color: #c9a96e;
+  font-size: 13px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.checkup-back-btn:hover {
+  border-color: #c9a96e;
+  color: #e8d5b5;
+}
+
+.checkup-title-block h1 {
+  margin: 0;
+  font-family: 'Georgia', serif;
+  font-size: 26px;
+  color: #e8d5b5;
+}
+
+.checkup-title-block p {
+  margin: 6px 0 0;
+  font-size: 13px;
+  color: rgba(201, 169, 110, 0.65);
+}
+
+.checkup-toolbar {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 12px 20px;
+  padding: 12px 24px;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.checkup-filter {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-width: 220px;
+  max-width: 420px;
+  padding: 8px 12px;
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(201, 169, 110, 0.3);
+  background: rgba(15, 15, 26, 0.9);
+  color: #e8d5b5;
+  font-size: 13px;
+}
+
+.checkup-stats {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  gap: 10px 16px;
+  font-size: 11px;
+  font-family: ui-monospace, 'Cascadia Code', monospace;
+  color: rgba(201, 169, 110, 0.7);
+}
+
+.checkup-error {
+  margin: 0 24px 12px;
+  padding: 10px 14px;
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  background: rgba(139, 0, 0, 0.3);
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 100, 100, 0.4);
+  color: #ffaaaa;
+}
+
+.checkup-loading {
+  padding: 48px;
+  text-align: center;
+  color: rgba(201, 169, 110, 0.6);
+  font-family: 'Georgia', serif;
+}
+
+.checkup-table-wrap {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-height: 0;
+  overflow: auto;
+  padding: 0 24px 24px;
+}
+
+.checkup-table {
+  width: 100%;
+  border-collapse: collapse;
+  font-size: 13px;
+}
+
+.checkup-table thead {
+  position: sticky;
+  top: 0;
+  z-index: 1;
+}
+
+.checkup-table th {
+  text-align: left;
+  padding: 10px 12px;
+  background: rgba(26, 26, 46, 0.98);
+  border-bottom: 2px solid rgba(201, 169, 110, 0.35);
+  color: #c9a96e;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.checkup-table td {
+  padding: 10px 12px;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(201, 169, 110, 0.12);
+  vertical-align: middle;
+}
+
+.checkup-thumb-cell {
+  width: 200px;
+}
+
+.checkup-thumb {
+  position: relative;
+  width: 180px;
+  height: 140px;
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  background: #2a1f15;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(201, 169, 110, 0.25);
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+}
+
+.checkup-thumb img {
+  width: 100%;
+  height: 100%;
+  object-fit: contain;
+  display: block;
+}
+
+.checkup-thumb-empty {
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 4px;
+  color: rgba(201, 169, 110, 0.45);
+  font-size: 12px;
+  text-align: center;
+}
+
+.checkup-thumb-empty small {
+  font-size: 10px;
+  opacity: 0.75;
+}
+
+.checkup-thumb-missing {
+  border-color: rgba(255, 138, 128, 0.45);
+}
+
+.checkup-thumb-badge {
+  position: absolute;
+  left: 6px;
+  bottom: 6px;
+  padding: 2px 6px;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background: rgba(15, 15, 26, 0.88);
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 138, 128, 0.45);
+  font-size: 9px;
+  font-family: ui-monospace, 'Cascadia Code', monospace;
+  color: #ff8a80;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
+}
+
+.checkup-thumb-badge-api {
+  border-color: rgba(158, 197, 232, 0.45);
+  color: #9ec5e8;
+}
+
+.checkup-table tbody tr:hover {
+  background: rgba(201, 169, 110, 0.06);
+}
+
+.checkup-year {
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  color: rgba(232, 213, 181, 0.85);
+}
+
+.checkup-title-link {
+  background: none;
+  border: none;
+  padding: 0;
+  color: #e8d5b5;
+  font: inherit;
+  text-align: left;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  text-decoration: underline;
+  text-decoration-color: rgba(201, 169, 110, 0.35);
+}
+
+.checkup-title-link:hover {
+  color: #c9a96e;
+}
diff --git a/client/src/pages/CheckupPage.tsx b/client/src/pages/CheckupPage.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebb8182
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/src/pages/CheckupPage.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
+import { api, type PaintingCheckupRow } from '../api/client';
+import './CheckupPage.css';
+
+interface Props {
+  onBack: () => void;
+  onOpenPainting?: (paintingId: number) => void;
+}
+
+function previewSrc(row: PaintingCheckupRow, kind: 'gallery' | 'detail'): string | null {
+  if (kind === 'gallery') {
+    const file = row.gallery_preview ?? row.gallery_file;
+    return file ? `/images/${file}` : null;
+  }
+  if (row.detail_on_demand) {
+    return `/api/paintings/${row.id}/image?size=thumb`;
+  }
+  const file = row.detail_preview ?? row.detail_file;
+  return file ? `/images/${file}` : null;
+}
+
+function ImagePreviewCell({
+  row,
+  kind,
+}: {
+  row: PaintingCheckupRow;
+  kind: 'gallery' | 'detail';
+}) {
+  const path = kind === 'gallery' ? row.gallery_file : row.detail_file;
+  const src = previewSrc(row, kind);
+  const exists =
+    kind === 'gallery' ? row.gallery_file_exists : row.detail_file_exists;
+  const missing = path && exists === false;
+
+  if (!path) {
+    return (
+      <div className="checkup-thumb checkup-thumb-empty">
+        <span>No image</span>
+        <small>Hidden in 3D</small>
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className={`checkup-thumb${missing ? ' checkup-thumb-missing' : ''}`}>
+      {src && (
+        <img
+          src={src}
+          alt=""
+          loading="lazy"
+          decoding="async"
+          title={path}
+          onError={(e) => {
+            (e.target as HTMLImageElement).src = '/placeholder-art.svg';
+          }}
+        />
+      )}
+      {missing && <span className="checkup-thumb-badge">missing file</span>}
+      {row.detail_on_demand && kind === 'detail' && (
+        <span className="checkup-thumb-badge checkup-thumb-badge-api">on-demand</span>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+export default function CheckupPage({ onBack, onOpenPainting }: Props) {
+  const [rows, setRows] = useState<PaintingCheckupRow[]>([]);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [filter, setFilter] = useState('');
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    let cancelled = false;
+    setLoading(true);
+    api.getPaintingCheckup()
+      .then((data) => {
+        if (!cancelled) {
+          setRows(data.paintings);
+          setError(null);
+        }
+      })
+      .catch(() => {
+        if (!cancelled) setError('Could not load checkup data. Is the server running?');
+      })
+      .finally(() => {
+        if (!cancelled) setLoading(false);
+      });
+    return () => {
+      cancelled = true;
+    };
+  }, []);
+
+  const filtered = useMemo(() => {
+    const q = filter.trim().toLowerCase();
+    if (!q) return rows;
+    return rows.filter(
+      (row) =>
+        row.title.toLowerCase().includes(q) ||
+        row.artist_name.toLowerCase().includes(q) ||
+        String(row.year ?? '').includes(q) ||
+        (row.gallery_file ?? '').toLowerCase().includes(q) ||
+        row.detail_file.toLowerCase().includes(q)
+    );
+  }, [rows, filter]);
+
+  const stats = useMemo(() => {
+    const noGallery = rows.filter((r) => !r.gallery_file).length;
+    const onDemand = rows.filter((r) => r.detail_on_demand).length;
+    const missingGallery = rows.filter((r) => r.gallery_file && !r.gallery_file_exists).length;
+    const missingDetail = rows.filter(
+      (r) => r.detail_file_exists === false
+    ).length;
+    return { noGallery, onDemand, missingGallery, missingDetail };
+  }, [rows]);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="checkup-page">
+      <header className="checkup-header">
+        <button type="button" className="checkup-back-btn" onClick={onBack}>
+          ← Back to timeline
+        </button>
+        <div className="checkup-title-block">
+          <h1>Painting checkup</h1>
+          <p>Compare image files used in the 3D gallery vs painting detail view.</p>
+        </div>
+      </header>
+
+      <div className="checkup-toolbar">
+        <input
+          type="search"
+          className="checkup-filter"
+          placeholder="Filter by title, artist, year…"
+          value={filter}
+          onChange={(e) => setFilter(e.target.value)}
+        />
+        <div className="checkup-stats">
+          <span>{filtered.length} shown</span>
+          <span>{stats.noGallery} no gallery file</span>
+          <span>{stats.onDemand} detail on-demand</span>
+          <span>{stats.missingGallery} gallery missing</span>
+          <span>{stats.missingDetail} detail missing</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      {error && <div className="checkup-error">{error}</div>}
+
+      {loading ? (
+        <div className="checkup-loading">Loading paintings…</div>
+      ) : (
+        <div className="checkup-table-wrap">
+          <table className="checkup-table">
+            <thead>
+              <tr>
+                <th>Painting</th>
+                <th>Artist</th>
+                <th>Year</th>
+                <th>Gallery</th>
+                <th>Detail</th>
+              </tr>
+            </thead>
+            <tbody>
+              {filtered.map((row) => (
+                <tr key={row.id}>
+                  <td>
+                    {onOpenPainting ? (
+                      <button
+                        type="button"
+                        className="checkup-title-link"
+                        onClick={() => onOpenPainting(row.id)}
+                      >
+                        {row.title}
+                      </button>
+                    ) : (
+                      row.title
+                    )}
+                  </td>
+                  <td>{row.artist_name}</td>
+                  <td className="checkup-year">{row.year ?? '—'}</td>
+                  <td className="checkup-thumb-cell">
+                    <ImagePreviewCell row={row} kind="gallery" />
+                  </td>
+                  <td className="checkup-thumb-cell">
+                    <ImagePreviewCell row={row} kind="detail" />
+                  </td>
+                </tr>
+              ))}
+            </tbody>
+          </table>
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/client/src/pages/HomePage.css b/client/src/pages/HomePage.css
index 4f357bb..7658c34 100644
--- a/client/src/pages/HomePage.css
+++ b/client/src/pages/HomePage.css
@@ -32,6 +32,45 @@
   text-align: center;
   padding: 24px 16px 8px;
   flex-shrink: 0;
+  position: relative;
+}
+
+.site-dev-tools {
+  position: absolute;
+  top: 16px;
+  right: 16px;
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 8px;
+  align-items: center;
+}
+
+.debug-mode-toggle,
+.checkup-link-btn {
+  padding: 6px 12px;
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(201, 169, 110, 0.35);
+  background: rgba(15, 15, 26, 0.85);
+  color: rgba(201, 169, 110, 0.75);
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-family: ui-monospace, 'Cascadia Code', monospace;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: background 0.2s, border-color 0.2s, color 0.2s;
+}
+
+.debug-mode-toggle:hover,
+.checkup-link-btn:hover {
+  border-color: #c9a96e;
+  color: #e8d5b5;
+}
+
+.debug-mode-toggle-active {
+  border-color: #e8a040;
+  background: rgba(232, 160, 64, 0.15);
+  color: #e8a040;
+}
+
+.checkup-link-btn {
+  text-decoration: none;
 }
 
 .site-header h1 {
diff --git a/client/src/pages/HomePage.tsx b/client/src/pages/HomePage.tsx
index fe92e7f..a4892cf 100644
--- a/client/src/pages/HomePage.tsx
+++ b/client/src/pages/HomePage.tsx
@@ -4,13 +4,16 @@ import MovementBands from '../components/MovementBands';
 import VirtualGallery from '../components/VirtualGallery';
 import PaintingDetailView from '../components/PaintingDetail';
 import ArtistBio from '../components/ArtistBio';
+import CheckupPage from '../pages/CheckupPage';
 import { api } from '../api/client';
 import type { TimelineData, Artist, ArtistDetail, Painting, PaintingDetail } from '../types';
 import { sortArtistPaintingsChronological } from '../utils/paintingUtils';
+import { readDebugMode, writeDebugMode } from '../utils/debugMode';
 import './HomePage.css';
 
 type View =
   | { type: 'timeline' }
+  | { type: 'checkup' }
   | { type: 'gallery'; artistId: number; data: ArtistDetail }
   | { type: 'painting'; paintingId: number; data: PaintingDetail; returnTo: View }
   | { type: 'bio'; artistId: number; data: ArtistDetail; returnTo: View };
@@ -28,6 +31,7 @@ export default function HomePage() {
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [detailArtistPaintings, setDetailArtistPaintings] = useState<Painting[]>([]);
+  const [debugMode, setDebugMode] = useState(readDebugMode);
   const detailReturnToRef = useRef<View>({ type: 'timeline' });
 
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -76,6 +80,51 @@ export default function HomePage() {
     setViewEnd(end);
   };
 
+  const toggleDebugMode = () => {
+    setDebugMode((prev) => {
+      const next = !prev;
+      writeDebugMode(next);
+      return next;
+    });
+  };
+
+  const handlePaintingImageFixed = useCallback(async (paintingId: number) => {
+    const data = await api.getPainting(paintingId);
+    setView((current) =>
+      current.type === 'painting' && current.paintingId === paintingId
+        ? { ...current, data }
+        : current
+    );
+    setDetailArtistPaintings((list) =>
+      list.map((p) =>
+        p.id === paintingId
+          ? { ...p, image_path: data.painting.image_path, thumbnail_path: data.painting.thumbnail_path }
+          : p
+      )
+    );
+    if (gallerySession?.artistId === data.painting.artist_id) {
+      setGallerySession((session) =>
+        session
+          ? {
+              ...session,
+              data: {
+                ...session.data,
+                paintings: session.data.paintings.map((p) =>
+                  p.id === paintingId
+                    ? {
+                        ...p,
+                        image_path: data.painting.image_path,
+                        thumbnail_path: data.painting.thumbnail_path,
+                      }
+                    : p
+                ),
+              },
+            }
+          : session
+      );
+    }
+  }, [gallerySession]);
+
   const handleArtistClick = async (artistId: number) => {
     try {
       const data = await api.getArtist(artistId);
@@ -182,6 +231,9 @@ export default function HomePage() {
               const artistData = await api.getArtist(view.data.painting.artist_id);
               setView({ type: 'bio', artistId: artistData.artist.id, data: artistData, returnTo: view });
             }}
+            onInfluenceArtistClick={handleArtistClick}
+            debugMode={debugMode}
+            onPaintingImageFixed={handlePaintingImageFixed}
           />
         </div>
       )}
@@ -198,9 +250,34 @@ export default function HomePage() {
         </div>
       )}
 
+      {view.type === 'checkup' && (
+        <CheckupPage
+          onBack={() => setView({ type: 'timeline' })}
+          onOpenPainting={handlePaintingClick}
+        />
+      )}
+
       {view.type === 'timeline' && (
         <div className="home-page">
           <header className="site-header">
+            <div className="site-dev-tools">
+              <button
+                type="button"
+                className={`debug-mode-toggle${debugMode ? ' debug-mode-toggle-active' : ''}`}
+                onClick={toggleDebugMode}
+                title="Toggle developer image audit mode on painting details"
+              >
+                Debug mode{debugMode ? ': ON' : ''}
+              </button>
+              <button
+                type="button"
+                className="checkup-link-btn"
+                onClick={() => setView({ type: 'checkup' })}
+                title="Open painting image checkup table"
+              >
+                Checkup
+              </button>
+            </div>
             <h1>Virtual Art Gallery</h1>
             <p className="site-subtitle">Watch art movements branch forward through time — each flowing from what came before</p>
           </header>
diff --git a/client/src/types/index.ts b/client/src/types/index.ts
index 0a4899c..b23a962 100644
--- a/client/src/types/index.ts
+++ b/client/src/types/index.ts
@@ -63,19 +63,33 @@ export interface Painting {
   has_influence_links?: boolean | string | number;
 }
 
+export type InfluenceSourceType = 'painting' | 'artist' | 'movement';
+
 export interface InfluenceLink {
-  notes: string;
-  source: string;
+  source_type: InfluenceSourceType;
+  notes?: string;
+  source?: string;
   aspects?: string;
   quote?: string;
   source_author?: string;
   source_url?: string;
-  id: number;
-  title: string;
-  year: number;
-  image_path: string;
-  artist_name: string;
-  artist_id: number;
+  confidence?: string;
+  discovered_via?: string;
+  period_note?: string;
+  period_start_year?: number | null;
+  period_end_year?: number | null;
+  id?: number;
+  title?: string;
+  year?: number | null;
+  image_path?: string | null;
+  artist_name?: string;
+  artist_id?: number;
+  source_artist_id?: number;
+  source_artist_name?: string;
+  artist_portrait?: string | null;
+  movement_id?: number;
+  movement_name?: string;
+  movement_color?: string;
 }
 
 export interface PaintingDetail {
diff --git a/client/src/utils/debugMode.ts b/client/src/utils/debugMode.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..338fdad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/src/utils/debugMode.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+const DEBUG_MODE_KEY = 'gallery-debug-mode';
+
+export function readDebugMode(): boolean {
+  try {
+    return localStorage.getItem(DEBUG_MODE_KEY) === '1';
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+export function writeDebugMode(enabled: boolean): void {
+  try {
+    localStorage.setItem(DEBUG_MODE_KEY, enabled ? '1' : '0');
+  } catch {
+    // ignore
+  }
+}
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diff --git a/db/migrate-influence-sources.sql b/db/migrate-influence-sources.sql
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index 0000000..24f7fbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db/migrate-influence-sources.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+-- Polymorphic influence sources: painting, artist, or movement → a painting
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS painting_influence_sources (
+  id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+  painting_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES paintings(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  source_type VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL CHECK (source_type IN ('painting', 'artist', 'movement')),
+  source_painting_id INTEGER REFERENCES paintings(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  source_artist_id INTEGER REFERENCES artists(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  source_movement_id INTEGER REFERENCES art_movements(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  period_note VARCHAR(240),
+  period_start_year INTEGER,
+  period_end_year INTEGER,
+  notes TEXT,
+  source VARCHAR(500),
+  aspects TEXT,
+  quote TEXT,
+  source_author VARCHAR(200),
+  source_url VARCHAR(500),
+  discovered_via VARCHAR(120),
+  confidence VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'curated',
+  CONSTRAINT painting_influence_sources_source_shape CHECK (
+    (source_type = 'painting' AND source_painting_id IS NOT NULL AND source_artist_id IS NULL AND source_movement_id IS NULL)
+    OR (source_type = 'artist' AND source_artist_id IS NOT NULL AND source_painting_id IS NULL AND source_movement_id IS NULL)
+    OR (source_type = 'movement' AND source_movement_id IS NOT NULL AND source_painting_id IS NULL AND source_artist_id IS NULL)
+  )
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS painting_influence_sources_unique
+  ON painting_influence_sources (
+    painting_id,
+    source_type,
+    COALESCE(source_painting_id, 0),
+    COALESCE(source_artist_id, 0),
+    COALESCE(source_movement_id, 0)
+  );
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS painting_influence_sources_painting_idx
+  ON painting_influence_sources (painting_id);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS painting_influence_sources_artist_idx
+  ON painting_influence_sources (source_artist_id);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS painting_influence_sources_movement_idx
+  ON painting_influence_sources (source_movement_id);
+
+-- Backfill legacy painting-to-painting edges
+INSERT INTO painting_influence_sources (
+  painting_id,
+  source_type,
+  source_painting_id,
+  notes,
+  source,
+  aspects,
+  quote,
+  source_author,
+  source_url,
+  confidence
+)
+SELECT
+  pi.painting_id,
+  'painting',
+  pi.influenced_by_painting_id,
+  pi.notes,
+  pi.source,
+  pi.aspects,
+  pi.quote,
+  pi.source_author,
+  pi.source_url,
+  'curated'
+FROM painting_influences pi
+ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING;
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 7ba8117..6c994d0 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
     "audit-painting-images": "node scripts/audit-painting-images.js",
     "expand-catalog": "node scripts/expand-paintings.js",
     "update-influences": "node scripts/update-influences.js",
+    "migrate:influence-sources": "node scripts/migrate-influence-sources.js",
+    "discover-influences": "node scripts/update-influences.js --discover-only",
     "server": "node server/index.js",
     "dev:server": "nodemon server/index.js",
     "dev:client": "npm run dev --prefix client",
diff --git a/scripts/art-influences-data.js b/scripts/art-influences-data.js
index a012c17..bd4d06a 100644
--- a/scripts/art-influences-data.js
+++ b/scripts/art-influences-data.js
@@ -409,10 +409,23 @@ module.exports = [
     source: 'The Story of Art',
   },
   {
-    work: { artist: 'Pablo Picasso', title: 'Les Demoiselles d\'Avignon' },
-    influencedBy: { artist: 'Henri Matisse', title: 'The Dance' },
-    notes: 'Picasso\'s Demoiselles responded to Matisse\'s Fauve primitivism with Iberian and African formal violence.',
-    aspects: 'primitivism, mask-like faces, color, rivalry',
+    work: { artist: 'Pablo Picasso', title: 'Les Demoiselles d\'Avignon', year: 1907 },
+    influencedBy: [
+      { type: 'painting', artist: 'Henri Matisse', title: 'The Dance' },
+      { type: 'painting', artist: 'Paul Cézanne', title: 'The Bathers' },
+      {
+        type: 'artist',
+        artist: 'Paul Cézanne',
+        period: { duringCreation: true },
+      },
+      {
+        type: 'movement',
+        movement: 'Fauvism',
+        period: { start: 1905, end: 1907, note: 'Paris avant-garde rivalry with Matisse' },
+      },
+    ],
+    notes: 'Picasso\'s Demoiselles responded to Fauve primitivism while absorbing Cézanne\'s structural bathers and Iberian/African mask forms.',
+    aspects: 'primitivism, mask-like faces, structure, rivalry',
     source_author: 'E. H. Gombrich',
     source: 'The Story of Art',
   },
diff --git a/scripts/image-fetcher.js b/scripts/image-fetcher.js
index 4be1371..0928588 100644
--- a/scripts/image-fetcher.js
+++ b/scripts/image-fetcher.js
@@ -1173,14 +1173,199 @@ async function resolveImageUrl(wikiTitle, options = {}) {
   return { url: pair.fullUrl, source: pair.source };
 }
 
-async function downloadImageToFile(url, destPath) {
-  if (fs.existsSync(destPath)) return destPath;
+async function downloadImageToFile(url, destPath, { force = false } = {}) {
+  if (!force && fs.existsSync(destPath)) return destPath;
   await throttle();
   const buffer = await withRetry(() => fetchBuffer(url));
+  fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(destPath), { recursive: true });
   fs.writeFileSync(destPath, buffer);
   return destPath;
 }
 
+function decodeGoogleEmbeddedUrl(raw) {
+  return raw
+    .replace(/\\u003d/g, '=')
+    .replace(/\\u0026/g, '&')
+    .replace(/\\u0027/g, "'")
+    .replace(/\\\//g, '/');
+}
+
+function isLikelyImageUrl(url) {
+  if (!url || !/^https?:\/\//i.test(url)) return false;
+  if (/^data:/i.test(url)) return false;
+  if (/gstatic\.com\/images\?/i.test(url)) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+function pickBestGoogleImageUrl(candidates) {
+  const unique = [...new Set(candidates.filter(isLikelyImageUrl))];
+  const scored = unique.map((url) => {
+    let score = 0;
+    if (/upload\.wikimedia\.org/i.test(url)) score += 40;
+    if (/googleusercontent\.com/i.test(url)) score += 30;
+    if (/\.(jpe?g|png|webp)(\?|$)/i.test(url)) score += 20;
+    if (/thumb|thumbnail|small|icon|logo|avatar/i.test(url)) score -= 25;
+    if (/=\s*[sS]\d{2,3}(-c|-rw)?(\||$)/.test(url) || /[?&]w=\d{2,3}(&|$)/.test(url)) score -= 15;
+    return { url, score };
+  });
+  scored.sort((a, b) => b.score - a.score);
+  return scored[0]?.url || unique[0] || null;
+}
+
+function extractGoogleImageCandidates(html) {
+  const candidates = [];
+
+  for (const match of html.matchAll(/"ou":"((?:https?:\\\/\\\/|\\\/\\\/)[^"\\]+)"/g)) {
+    candidates.push(decodeGoogleEmbeddedUrl(match[1]));
+  }
+
+  for (const match of html.matchAll(/"ou":\s*"((?:https?:\/\/)[^"]+)"/g)) {
+    candidates.push(match[1]);
+  }
+
+  for (const match of html.matchAll(/\["(https:\\\/\\\/[^"]+)",(?:\d+,\d+|\d+)\]/g)) {
+    candidates.push(decodeGoogleEmbeddedUrl(match[1]));
+  }
+
+  for (const match of html.matchAll(/imgurl=([^&"]+)/g)) {
+    try {
+      candidates.push(decodeURIComponent(match[1]));
+    } catch {
+      // skip
+    }
+  }
+
+  return candidates;
+}
+
+async function searchGoogleCustomSearchImagesFirst(query) {
+  const apiKey = process.env.GOOGLE_CSE_API_KEY;
+  const cx = process.env.GOOGLE_CSE_CX;
+  if (!apiKey || !cx) return null;
+
+  const url =
+    `https://www.googleapis.com/customsearch/v1?key=${encodeURIComponent(apiKey)}` +
+    `&cx=${encodeURIComponent(cx)}&q=${encodeURIComponent(query)}&searchType=image&num=1&safe=active`;
+  const data = await fetchJson(url);
+  const item = data?.items?.[0];
+  if (!item?.link) return null;
+  return {
+    imageUrl: item.link,
+    source: 'google-custom-search',
+    sourceLabel: 'Google Custom Search',
+  };
+}
+
+async function searchDuckDuckGoImagesFirst(query) {
+  const html = await fetchHtml(
+    `https://duckduckgo.com/?q=${encodeURIComponent(query)}&iar=images&iax=images&ia=images`,
+    {
+      headers: {
+        'User-Agent':
+          'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
+      },
+    }
+  );
+  const vqd =
+    html.match(/vqd=['"]([^'"]+)['"]/)?.[1] ||
+    html.match(/vqd=([\d-]+)/)?.[1] ||
+    null;
+  if (!vqd) return null;
+
+  await throttle();
+  const jsUrl = `https://duckduckgo.com/i.js?o=json&q=${encodeURIComponent(query)}&l=us-en&vqd=${encodeURIComponent(vqd)}&f=,,,&p=1`;
+  const payload = await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    https
+      .get(
+        jsUrl,
+        { headers: { 'User-Agent': USER_AGENT, Accept: 'application/json' } },
+        (res) => {
+          let data = '';
+          res.on('data', (chunk) => {
+            data += chunk;
+          });
+          res.on('end', () => {
+            try {
+              resolve(JSON.parse(data));
+            } catch (err) {
+              reject(err);
+            }
+          });
+        }
+      )
+      .on('error', reject);
+  });
+
+  const first = payload?.results?.[0];
+  const imageUrl = first?.image || first?.thumbnail;
+  if (!imageUrl) return null;
+  return {
+    imageUrl,
+    source: 'duckduckgo-images',
+    sourceLabel: 'DuckDuckGo Images (fallback)',
+  };
+}
+
+/** First Google-family image result for artist + painting title (developer image audit). */
+async function searchGoogleImagesFirst(artistName, paintingTitle) {
+  const simple = simplifyPaintingTitle(paintingTitle);
+  const query = `${artistName} ${simple} painting`.trim();
+  const searchUrl =
+    `https://www.google.com/search?q=${encodeURIComponent(query)}&tbm=isch&hl=en&ijn=0`;
+
+  const custom = await searchGoogleCustomSearchImagesFirst(query).catch(() => null);
+  if (custom?.imageUrl) {
+    return { query, searchUrl, ...custom };
+  }
+
+  const gac = await getGoogleArtsCultureImages(simple, artistName).catch(() => null);
+  if (gac?.fullUrl) {
+    return {
+      query,
+      imageUrl: gac.fullUrl,
+      thumbUrl: gac.thumbUrl,
+      searchUrl: `https://artsandculture.google.com/search?q=${encodeURIComponent(query)}`,
+      source: 'google-arts-culture',
+      sourceLabel: 'Google Arts & Culture',
+    };
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const html = await fetchHtml(searchUrl, {
+      headers: {
+        'User-Agent':
+          'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
+        Accept: 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml',
+        'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9',
+      },
+    });
+    const imageUrl = pickBestGoogleImageUrl(extractGoogleImageCandidates(html));
+    if (imageUrl) {
+      return {
+        query,
+        imageUrl,
+        searchUrl,
+        source: 'google-images',
+        sourceLabel: 'Google Images',
+      };
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // continue to fallback
+  }
+
+  const ddg = await searchDuckDuckGoImagesFirst(query).catch(() => null);
+  if (ddg?.imageUrl) {
+    return { query, searchUrl, ...ddg };
+  }
+
+  return { query, imageUrl: null, searchUrl, source: 'google-images', sourceLabel: 'Google Images' };
+}
+
+async function fetchImageBuffer(url) {
+  await throttle();
+  return withRetry(() => fetchBuffer(url));
+}
+
 async function generateThumbnailFromFull(fullDest, thumbDest, width = THUMB_WIDTH) {
   const sharp = require('sharp');
   if (!fs.existsSync(fullDest)) return false;
@@ -1311,8 +1496,12 @@ module.exports = {
   generateThumbnailFromFull,
   searchWikipediaTitle,
   searchWebForPaintingImages,
+  searchGoogleImagesFirst,
+  fetchImageBuffer,
+  pickExt,
   getGoogleArtsCultureImages,
   simplifyPaintingTitle,
+  fetchHtml,
   DEFAULT_BATCH_MAX_WAIT_MS,
   FetchDeadline,
   sleep,
diff --git a/scripts/influence-discovery.js b/scripts/influence-discovery.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fda114d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/influence-discovery.js
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+/**
+ * Discover painting influence candidates from art-history web sources.
+ * Returns normalized source refs for painting_influence_sources (artist / movement / painting).
+ */
+const { fetchHtml, searchWikipediaTitle, sleep } = require('./image-fetcher');
+const { normalizeArtist } = require('./influence-resolver');
+
+const SEARCH_SITES = [
+  'theartstory.org',
+  'metmuseum.org',
+  'artsandculture.google.com',
+  'nga.gov',
+  'artic.edu',
+  'moma.org',
+  'britannica.com',
+  'jstor.org',
+  'oxfordartonline.com',
+  'wikiart.org',
+  'wikipedia.org',
+];
+
+const MOVEMENT_HINTS = [
+  'Impressionism',
+  'Post-Impressionism',
+  'Cubism',
+  'Expressionism',
+  'Surrealism',
+  'Baroque',
+  'Renaissance',
+  'Romanticism',
+  'Realism',
+  'Symbolism',
+  'Fauvism',
+  'Abstract Expressionism',
+  'Pop Art',
+  'Neoclassicism',
+  'Rococo',
+  'Mannerism',
+  'Gothic',
+  'Byzantine',
+  'Art Nouveau',
+  'Futurism',
+  'Dada',
+  'Minimalism',
+];
+
+function uniqueByKey(items, keyFn) {
+  const seen = new Set();
+  return items.filter((item) => {
+    const key = keyFn(item);
+    if (seen.has(key)) return false;
+    seen.add(key);
+    return true;
+  });
+}
+
+function stripHtml(text) {
+  return (text || '')
+    .replace(/<[^>]+>/g, ' ')
+    .replace(/&nbsp;/g, ' ')
+    .replace(/&amp;/g, '&')
+    .replace(/&quot;/g, '"')
+    .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
+    .trim();
+}
+
+function extractInfluenceNames(text) {
+  if (!text) return [];
+  const names = [];
+  const patterns = [
+    /influenced by ([^.;\n]{4,120})/gi,
+    /draw(?:s|n)? on ([^.;\n]{4,120})/gi,
+    /indebted to ([^.;\n]{4,120})/gi,
+    /following the example of ([^.;\n]{4,120})/gi,
+  ];
+  for (const pattern of patterns) {
+    let match;
+    while ((match = pattern.exec(text)) !== null) {
+      const chunk = stripHtml(match[1]);
+      chunk
+        .split(/,| and |;|\//)
+        .map((s) => s.trim())
+        .filter((s) => s.length > 3 && s.length < 80)
+        .forEach((s) => names.push(s));
+    }
+  }
+  return names;
+}
+
+function detectMovements(text) {
+  const lower = (text || '').toLowerCase();
+  return MOVEMENT_HINTS.filter((m) => lower.includes(m.toLowerCase()));
+}
+
+async function fetchJson(url) {
+  const res = await fetch(url, {
+    headers: { 'User-Agent': 'GalleryInfluenceBot/1.0 (personal art history project)' },
+  });
+  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${res.status}`);
+  return res.json();
+}
+
+async function discoverFromWikipedia(artistName, paintingTitle) {
+  const results = [];
+  const wikiTitle = await searchWikipediaTitle(paintingTitle, artistName);
+  if (!wikiTitle) return results;
+
+  try {
+    const parseUrl =
+      `https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=parse&page=${encodeURIComponent(wikiTitle)}` +
+      '&prop=wikitext&format=json&origin=*';
+    const data = await fetchJson(parseUrl);
+    const wikitext = data?.parse?.wikitext?.['*'] || '';
+    const plain = wikitext
+      .replace(/\{\{[^{}]*\}\}/g, ' ')
+      .replace(/\[\[Category:[^\]]+\]\]/gi, ' ')
+      .replace(/\[\[([^\]|]+)\|([^\]]+)\]\]/g, '$2')
+      .replace(/\[\[([^\]]+)\]\]/g, '$1')
+      .replace(/''+/g, '');
+
+    for (const name of extractInfluenceNames(plain)) {
+      results.push({
+        type: 'artist',
+        artist: name,
+        period: { duringCreation: true },
+        notes: `Mentioned on Wikipedia article for "${wikiTitle}".`,
+        source: 'Wikipedia',
+        source_url: `https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/${encodeURIComponent(wikiTitle.replace(/ /g, '_'))}`,
+        discovered_via: 'wikipedia',
+        confidence: 'discovered',
+      });
+    }
+
+    for (const movement of detectMovements(plain)) {
+      results.push({
+        type: 'movement',
+        movement,
+        period: { duringCreation: true },
+        notes: `Movement referenced on Wikipedia article for "${wikiTitle}".`,
+        source: 'Wikipedia',
+        source_url: `https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/${encodeURIComponent(wikiTitle.replace(/ /g, '_'))}`,
+        discovered_via: 'wikipedia',
+        confidence: 'discovered',
+      });
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // skip
+  }
+
+  return results;
+}
+
+async function discoverFromWikidata(artistName) {
+  const results = [];
+  try {
+    const searchUrl =
+      'https://www.wikidata.org/w/api.php?action=wbsearchentities&format=json&language=en&type=item&limit=1' +
+      `&search=${encodeURIComponent(artistName)}`;
+    const search = await fetchJson(searchUrl);
+    const entityId = search?.search?.[0]?.id;
+    if (!entityId) return results;
+
+    const entityUrl = `https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/${entityId}.json`;
+    const entityData = await fetchJson(entityUrl);
+    const entity = entityData?.entities?.[entityId];
+    const claims = entity?.claims?.P737 || [];
+
+    for (const claim of claims.slice(0, 8)) {
+      const influencedId = claim?.mainsnak?.datavalue?.value?.id;
+      if (!influencedId) continue;
+      const labelUrl =
+        `https://www.wikidata.org/w/api.php?action=wbgetentities&ids=${influencedId}` +
+        '&props=labels&languages=en&format=json';
+      const labelData = await fetchJson(labelUrl);
+      const label = labelData?.entities?.[influencedId]?.labels?.en?.value;
+      if (!label) continue;
+      results.push({
+        type: 'artist',
+        artist: label,
+        period: { duringCreation: true },
+        notes: `Wikidata P737 (influenced by) on ${artistName}.`,
+        source: 'Wikidata',
+        source_url: `https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/${entityId}`,
+        discovered_via: 'wikidata',
+        confidence: 'discovered',
+      });
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // skip
+  }
+  return results;
+}
+
+async function discoverFromWebSearch(artistName, paintingTitle) {
+  const results = [];
+  const query = `"${artistName}" "${paintingTitle}" influenced by ${SEARCH_SITES.map((s) => `site:${s}`).join(' OR ')}`;
+
+  try {
+    const html = await fetchHtml('https://html.duckduckgo.com/html/', {
+      method: 'POST',
+      body: `q=${encodeURIComponent(query)}`,
+      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' },
+    });
+
+    const links = [...html.matchAll(/uddg=([^&"]+)/g)]
+      .map((m) => decodeURIComponent(m[1]))
+      .filter((url) => SEARCH_SITES.some((site) => url.includes(site)))
+      .slice(0, 5);
+
+    for (const url of links) {
+      try {
+        const page = await fetchHtml(url, {
+          headers: { Referer: 'https://html.duckduckgo.com/' },
+        });
+        const text = stripHtml(page);
+        const site = SEARCH_SITES.find((s) => url.includes(s)) || 'web';
+
+        for (const name of extractInfluenceNames(text).slice(0, 4)) {
+          results.push({
+            type: 'artist',
+            artist: name,
+            period: { duringCreation: true },
+            notes: `Found via art-history web search (${site}).`,
+            source: site,
+            source_url: url,
+            discovered_via: `web:${site}`,
+            confidence: 'discovered',
+          });
+        }
+
+        for (const movement of detectMovements(text).slice(0, 3)) {
+          results.push({
+            type: 'movement',
+            movement,
+            period: { duringCreation: true },
+            notes: `Movement cited on ${site}.`,
+            source: site,
+            source_url: url,
+            discovered_via: `web:${site}`,
+            confidence: 'discovered',
+          });
+        }
+
+        await sleep(1200);
+      } catch {
+        // next result
+      }
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // skip
+  }
+
+  return results;
+}
+
+async function discoverFromMet(artistName, paintingTitle) {
+  const results = [];
+  try {
+    const searchUrl =
+      `https://collectionapi.metmuseum.org/public/collection/v1/search?q=${encodeURIComponent(
+        `${artistName} ${paintingTitle}`
+      )}&hasImages=true`;
+    const search = await fetchJson(searchUrl);
+    const objectId = search?.objectIDs?.[0];
+    if (!objectId) return results;
+
+    const object = await fetchJson(
+      `https://collectionapi.metmuseum.org/public/collection/v1/objects/${objectId}`
+    );
+    const text = [object.creditLine, object.culture, object.period, object.classification, object.medium]
+      .filter(Boolean)
+      .join('. ');
+
+    for (const movement of detectMovements(text)) {
+      results.push({
+        type: 'movement',
+        movement,
+        period: { duringCreation: true },
+        notes: `Met Museum object metadata for ${object.title || paintingTitle}.`,
+        source: 'The Metropolitan Museum of Art',
+        source_url: object.objectURL || `https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/${objectId}`,
+        discovered_via: 'metmuseum',
+        confidence: 'discovered',
+      });
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // skip
+  }
+  return results;
+}
+
+async function discoverInfluencesForWork({ artist, title, year }) {
+  const artistName = normalizeArtist(artist);
+  const chunks = await Promise.all([
+    discoverFromWikipedia(artistName, title),
+    discoverFromWikidata(artistName),
+    discoverFromMet(artistName, title),
+    discoverFromWebSearch(artistName, title),
+  ]);
+
+  return uniqueByKey(chunks.flat(), (item) =>
+    item.type === 'movement'
+      ? `movement:${item.movement}`
+      : item.type === 'artist'
+        ? `artist:${item.artist}`
+        : `painting:${item.artist}:${item.title}`
+  ).map((item) => ({
+    ...item,
+    period: item.period || (year ? { duringCreation: true } : undefined),
+  }));
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  discoverInfluencesForWork,
+  discoverFromWikipedia,
+  discoverFromWikidata,
+  discoverFromWebSearch,
+  discoverFromMet,
+  SEARCH_SITES,
+};
diff --git a/scripts/influence-resolver.js b/scripts/influence-resolver.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..244eee6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/influence-resolver.js
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+const ARTIST_ALIASES = {
+  'Camille Corot': 'Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot',
+};
+
+function normalizeTitle(s) {
+  return (s || '').toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z0-9]+/g, ' ').trim();
+}
+
+function normalizeArtist(name) {
+  return ARTIST_ALIASES[name] || name;
+}
+
+function scoreTitleMatch(dbTitle, hint) {
+  const normDb = normalizeTitle(dbTitle);
+  const keywords = normalizeTitle(hint).split(' ').filter((w) => w.length > 2);
+  if (!keywords.length) return 0;
+  const hits = keywords.filter((k) => normDb.includes(k)).length;
+  const required = keywords.length === 1 ? 1 : Math.min(2, keywords.length);
+  return hits >= required ? hits : 0;
+}
+
+function normalizeInfluencedBy(ref) {
+  if (!ref) return [];
+  if (Array.isArray(ref)) return ref;
+  return [{ type: 'painting', ...ref }];
+}
+
+function periodFields(ref, workYear) {
+  const period = ref.period || {};
+  let start = period.start ?? period.startYear ?? null;
+  let end = period.end ?? period.endYear ?? null;
+  let note = period.note || null;
+
+  if (period.duringCreation && workYear != null) {
+    start = start ?? workYear - 3;
+    end = end ?? workYear + 1;
+    note = note || `around the creation of the work (${workYear})`;
+  }
+
+  return { period_start_year: start, period_end_year: end, period_note: note };
+}
+
+async function loadMovements(pool) {
+  const { rows } = await pool.query('SELECT id, name FROM art_movements');
+  return new Map(rows.map((r) => [r.name.toLowerCase(), r.id]));
+}
+
+async function findArtist(pool, name) {
+  const canonical = normalizeArtist(name);
+  const { rows } = await pool.query(
+    `SELECT id, name FROM artists WHERE name = $1 OR name ILIKE $2 LIMIT 1`,
+    [canonical, canonical]
+  );
+  return rows[0] || null;
+}
+
+async function ensureArtist(pool, ref, movementsByName) {
+  const name = normalizeArtist(ref.artist);
+  let artist = await findArtist(pool, name);
+  if (artist) return artist.id;
+
+  const meta = ref.artistMeta;
+  if (!meta) return null;
+
+  const movementId = meta.movement
+    ? movementsByName.get(meta.movement.toLowerCase()) || null
+    : null;
+  const century =
+    meta.century || (meta.birth_year ? Math.floor(meta.birth_year / 100) * 100 : null);
+
+  const insert = await pool.query(
+    `INSERT INTO artists (name, birth_year, death_year, movement_id, wikipedia_title, century, portrait_path)
+     VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, NULL)
+     RETURNING id, name`,
+    [
+      name,
+      meta.birth_year ?? null,
+      meta.death_year ?? null,
+      movementId,
+      meta.wikipedia_title || name,
+      century,
+    ]
+  );
+  console.log(`+ artist: ${name}`);
+  return insert.rows[0].id;
+}
+
+async function findPainting(pool, artistId, titleHint) {
+  const { rows } = await pool.query(
+    'SELECT id, title, year FROM paintings WHERE artist_id = $1',
+    [artistId]
+  );
+  let best = null;
+  let bestScore = 0;
+  for (const row of rows) {
+    const score = scoreTitleMatch(row.title, titleHint);
+    if (score > bestScore) {
+      bestScore = score;
+      best = row;
+    }
+  }
+  return best;
+}
+
+async function ensurePainting(pool, artistId, ref, artistName, fetchImages, imageDir, savePaintingImages) {
+  const existing = await findPainting(pool, artistId, ref.title);
+  if (existing) return existing;
+
+  const sortRes = await pool.query(
+    'SELECT COALESCE(MAX(sort_order), 0) + 1 AS next FROM paintings WHERE artist_id = $1',
+    [artistId]
+  );
+  const wikiTitle = ref.wikipedia_title || ref.title;
+  const insert = await pool.query(
+    `INSERT INTO paintings (artist_id, title, year, wikipedia_title, sort_order)
+     VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5)
+     RETURNING id`,
+    [artistId, ref.title, ref.year ?? null, wikiTitle, sortRes.rows[0].next]
+  );
+  console.log(`+ painting: ${artistName} — ${ref.title}`);
+
+  if (fetchImages && savePaintingImages) {
+    try {
+      const base = `${artistName}_${ref.title}`.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_-]/g, '_');
+      const saved = await savePaintingImages(wikiTitle, base, imageDir, {
+        artistName,
+        paintingTitle: ref.title,
+      });
+      if (saved.imagePath || saved.thumbnailPath) {
+        await pool.query(
+          `UPDATE paintings SET image_path = $1, thumbnail_path = $2 WHERE id = $3`,
+          [saved.imagePath, saved.thumbnailPath, insert.rows[0].id]
+        );
+      }
+    } catch (err) {
+      console.warn(`  image fetch failed: ${artistName} — ${ref.title}: ${err.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return insert.rows[0];
+}
+
+async function resolveMovement(pool, movementName, movementsByName) {
+  if (!movementName) return null;
+  const id = movementsByName.get(movementName.toLowerCase());
+  if (id) return id;
+  const { rows } = await pool.query(
+    `SELECT id FROM art_movements WHERE name ILIKE $1 LIMIT 1`,
+    [movementName]
+  );
+  return rows[0]?.id ?? null;
+}
+
+async function resolvePaintingRef(pool, ref, movementsByName, fetchImages, imageDir, savePaintingImages) {
+  const artistName = normalizeArtist(ref.artist);
+  const artistId = await ensureArtist(pool, ref, movementsByName);
+  if (!artistId) return null;
+  return ensurePainting(pool, artistId, ref, artistName, fetchImages, imageDir, savePaintingImages);
+}
+
+async function resolveWorkRef(pool, workRef, movementsByName, fetchImages, imageDir, savePaintingImages) {
+  const artistName = normalizeArtist(workRef.artist);
+  const artistId = await ensureArtist(pool, workRef, movementsByName);
+  if (!artistId) return null;
+  const painting = await ensurePainting(
+    pool,
+    artistId,
+    workRef,
+    artistName,
+    fetchImages,
+    imageDir,
+    savePaintingImages
+  );
+  if (!painting) return null;
+  return { id: painting.id, year: painting.year ?? workRef.year ?? null, artist_id: artistId };
+}
+
+async function insertLegacyPaintingEdge(pool, workId, sourcePaintingId, edge) {
+  await pool.query(
+    `INSERT INTO painting_influences
+       (painting_id, influenced_by_painting_id, notes, source, aspects, quote, source_author, source_url)
+     VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8)
+     ON CONFLICT (painting_id, influenced_by_painting_id) DO NOTHING`,
+    [
+      workId,
+      sourcePaintingId,
+      edge.notes || null,
+      edge.source || null,
+      edge.aspects || null,
+      edge.quote || null,
+      edge.source_author || null,
+      edge.source_url || null,
+    ]
+  );
+}
+
+async function insertInfluenceSource(pool, workId, sourceType, sourceIds, edge, workYear) {
+  const period = periodFields(edge, workYear);
+  const result = await pool.query(
+    `INSERT INTO painting_influence_sources (
+       painting_id, source_type, source_painting_id, source_artist_id, source_movement_id,
+       period_note, period_start_year, period_end_year,
+       notes, source, aspects, quote, source_author, source_url, discovered_via, confidence
+     ) VALUES ($1,$2,$3,$4,$5,$6,$7,$8,$9,$10,$11,$12,$13,$14,$15,$16)
+     ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING
+     RETURNING id`,
+    [
+      workId,
+      sourceType,
+      sourceIds.source_painting_id ?? null,
+      sourceIds.source_artist_id ?? null,
+      sourceIds.source_movement_id ?? null,
+      period.period_note,
+      period.period_start_year,
+      period.period_end_year,
+      edge.notes || null,
+      edge.source || null,
+      edge.aspects || null,
+      edge.quote || null,
+      edge.source_author || null,
+      edge.source_url || null,
+      edge.discovered_via || null,
+      edge.confidence || 'curated',
+    ]
+  );
+  return result.rowCount > 0;
+}
+
+async function resolveAndInsertSource(
+  pool,
+  work,
+  sourceRef,
+  edge,
+  movementsByName,
+  fetchImages,
+  imageDir,
+  savePaintingImages
+) {
+  const type = (sourceRef.type || 'painting').toLowerCase();
+  const mergedEdge = { ...edge, ...sourceRef, type };
+
+  if (type === 'painting') {
+    const sourcePainting = await resolvePaintingRef(
+      pool,
+      sourceRef,
+      movementsByName,
+      fetchImages,
+      imageDir,
+      savePaintingImages
+    );
+    if (!sourcePainting) return { ok: false, reason: 'unresolved painting' };
+    if (sourcePainting.id === work.id) return { ok: false, reason: 'self' };
+    await insertLegacyPaintingEdge(pool, work.id, sourcePainting.id, mergedEdge);
+    const inserted = await insertInfluenceSource(
+      pool,
+      work.id,
+      'painting',
+      { source_painting_id: sourcePainting.id },
+      mergedEdge,
+      work.year
+    );
+    return { ok: true, inserted, label: `${sourceRef.artist} / ${sourceRef.title}` };
+  }
+
+  if (type === 'artist') {
+    const artistId = await ensureArtist(pool, sourceRef, movementsByName);
+    if (!artistId) return { ok: false, reason: 'unresolved artist' };
+    if (artistId === work.artist_id) return { ok: false, reason: 'self artist' };
+    const inserted = await insertInfluenceSource(
+      pool,
+      work.id,
+      'artist',
+      { source_artist_id: artistId },
+      mergedEdge,
+      work.year
+    );
+    return { ok: true, inserted, label: sourceRef.artist };
+  }
+
+  if (type === 'movement') {
+    const movementId = await resolveMovement(pool, sourceRef.movement, movementsByName);
+    if (!movementId) return { ok: false, reason: `unresolved movement: ${sourceRef.movement}` };
+    const inserted = await insertInfluenceSource(
+      pool,
+      work.id,
+      'movement',
+      { source_movement_id: movementId },
+      mergedEdge,
+      work.year
+    );
+    return { ok: true, inserted, label: sourceRef.movement };
+  }
+
+  return { ok: false, reason: `unknown type: ${type}` };
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  normalizeArtist,
+  normalizeInfluencedBy,
+  loadMovements,
+  resolveWorkRef,
+  resolveAndInsertSource,
+  findArtist,
+  findPainting,
+  resolveMovement,
+  periodFields,
+};
diff --git a/scripts/migrate-influence-sources.js b/scripts/migrate-influence-sources.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c58da81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/migrate-influence-sources.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+require('dotenv').config();
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+const pool = require('../server/db');
+
+async function main() {
+  const sqlPath = path.join(__dirname, '../db/migrate-influence-sources.sql');
+  const sql = fs.readFileSync(sqlPath, 'utf8');
+  await pool.query(sql);
+  const { rows } = await pool.query('SELECT COUNT(*)::int AS n FROM painting_influence_sources');
+  console.log(`painting_influence_sources ready (${rows[0].n} rows)`);
+  await pool.end();
+}
+
+main().catch((err) => {
+  console.error(err);
+  process.exit(1);
+});
diff --git a/scripts/update-influences.js b/scripts/update-influences.js
index 86bc667..a241c01 100644
--- a/scripts/update-influences.js
+++ b/scripts/update-influences.js
@@ -3,208 +3,173 @@ const path = require('path');
 const pool = require('../server/db');
 const INFLUENCES = require('./art-influences-data');
 const { savePaintingImages } = require('./image-fetcher');
+const { discoverInfluencesForWork } = require('./influence-discovery');
+const {
+  normalizeInfluencedBy,
+  loadMovements,
+  resolveWorkRef,
+  resolveAndInsertSource,
+} = require('./influence-resolver');
 
 const FETCH_IMAGES = process.argv.includes('--fetch-images');
+const DISCOVER = process.argv.includes('--discover');
+const DISCOVER_ONLY = process.argv.includes('--discover-only');
+const LIMIT = parseInt(process.argv.find((a) => a.startsWith('--limit='))?.split('=')[1] || '0', 10);
 const IMAGE_DIR = path.resolve(process.env.IMAGE_DIR || path.join(__dirname, '../data/images'));
 
-const ARTIST_ALIASES = {
-  'Camille Corot': 'Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot',
-};
-
-function normalizeTitle(s) {
-  return (s || '').toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z0-9]+/g, ' ').trim();
-}
-
-function normalizeArtist(name) {
-  return ARTIST_ALIASES[name] || name;
-}
-
-function scoreTitleMatch(dbTitle, hint) {
-  const normDb = normalizeTitle(dbTitle);
-  const keywords = normalizeTitle(hint).split(' ').filter((w) => w.length > 2);
-  if (!keywords.length) return 0;
-  const hits = keywords.filter((k) => normDb.includes(k)).length;
-  const required = keywords.length === 1 ? 1 : Math.min(2, keywords.length);
-  return hits >= required ? hits : 0;
-}
-
-async function loadMovements() {
-  const { rows } = await pool.query('SELECT id, name FROM art_movements');
-  const byName = new Map(rows.map((r) => [r.name.toLowerCase(), r.id]));
-  return byName;
-}
-
-async function findArtist(name) {
-  const canonical = normalizeArtist(name);
-  const { rows } = await pool.query(
-    `SELECT id, name FROM artists WHERE name = $1 OR name ILIKE $2 LIMIT 1`,
-    [canonical, canonical]
+async function applyEdge(edge, movementsByName, stats) {
+  const work = await resolveWorkRef(
+    pool,
+    edge.work,
+    movementsByName,
+    FETCH_IMAGES,
+    IMAGE_DIR,
+    savePaintingImages
   );
-  return rows[0] || null;
-}
-
-async function ensureArtist(ref, movementsByName) {
-  const name = normalizeArtist(ref.artist);
-  let artist = await findArtist(name);
-  if (artist) return artist.id;
-
-  const meta = ref.artistMeta;
-  if (!meta) return null;
-
-  const movementId = meta.movement
-    ? movementsByName.get(meta.movement.toLowerCase()) || null
-    : null;
-  const century =
-    meta.century ||
-    (meta.birth_year ? Math.floor(meta.birth_year / 100) * 100 : null);
-
-  const insert = await pool.query(
-    `INSERT INTO artists (name, birth_year, death_year, movement_id, wikipedia_title, century, portrait_path)
-     VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, NULL)
-     RETURNING id, name`,
-    [
-      name,
-      meta.birth_year ?? null,
-      meta.death_year ?? null,
-      movementId,
-      meta.wikipedia_title || name,
-      century,
-    ]
-  );
-  console.log(`+ artist: ${name}`);
-  return insert.rows[0].id;
-}
-
-async function findPainting(artistId, titleHint) {
-  const { rows } = await pool.query(
-    'SELECT id, title FROM paintings WHERE artist_id = $1',
-    [artistId]
-  );
-  let best = null;
-  let bestScore = 0;
-  for (const row of rows) {
-    const score = scoreTitleMatch(row.title, titleHint);
-    if (score > bestScore) {
-      bestScore = score;
-      best = row;
-    }
+  if (!work) {
+    stats.failed += 1;
+    console.warn(`✗ unresolved work: ${edge.work.artist} / ${edge.work.title}`);
+    return;
   }
-  return best;
-}
 
-async function ensurePainting(artistId, ref, artistName) {
-  const existing = await findPainting(artistId, ref.title);
-  if (existing) return existing.id;
-
-  const sortRes = await pool.query(
-    'SELECT COALESCE(MAX(sort_order), 0) + 1 AS next FROM paintings WHERE artist_id = $1',
-    [artistId]
-  );
-  const wikiTitle = ref.wikipedia_title || ref.title;
-  const insert = await pool.query(
-    `INSERT INTO paintings (artist_id, title, year, wikipedia_title, sort_order)
-     VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5)
-     RETURNING id`,
-    [artistId, ref.title, ref.year ?? null, wikiTitle, sortRes.rows[0].next]
-  );
-  console.log(`+ painting: ${artistName} — ${ref.title}`);
-
-  if (FETCH_IMAGES) {
-    try {
-      const base = `${artistName}_${ref.title}`.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_-]/g, '_');
-      const saved = await savePaintingImages(wikiTitle, base, IMAGE_DIR, {
-        artistName,
-        paintingTitle: ref.title,
-      });
-      if (saved.imagePath || saved.thumbnailPath) {
-        await pool.query(
-          `UPDATE paintings SET image_path = $1, thumbnail_path = $2 WHERE id = $3`,
-          [saved.imagePath, saved.thumbnailPath, insert.rows[0].id]
+  const sources = normalizeInfluencedBy(edge.influencedBy);
+  for (const sourceRef of sources) {
+    const result = await resolveAndInsertSource(
+      pool,
+      work,
+      sourceRef,
+      edge,
+      movementsByName,
+      FETCH_IMAGES,
+      IMAGE_DIR,
+      savePaintingImages
+    );
+    if (!result.ok) {
+      if (result.reason !== 'self' && result.reason !== 'self artist') {
+        stats.failed += 1;
+        console.warn(
+          `✗ ${edge.work.artist} / ${edge.work.title} <- ${sourceRef.type || 'painting'} ${result.reason}`
         );
+      } else {
+        stats.skipped += 1;
       }
-    } catch (err) {
-      console.warn(`  image fetch failed: ${artistName} — ${ref.title}: ${err.message}`);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (result.inserted) {
+      stats.added += 1;
+      console.log(`→ ${edge.work.artist} / ${edge.work.title} ← [${sourceRef.type || 'painting'}] ${result.label}`);
+    } else {
+      stats.skipped += 1;
     }
   }
 
-  return insert.rows[0].id;
+  if (DISCOVER || DISCOVER_ONLY) {
+    const discovered = await discoverInfluencesForWork({
+      artist: edge.work.artist,
+      title: edge.work.title,
+      year: edge.year ?? edge.work.year ?? work.year,
+    });
+    for (const sourceRef of discovered) {
+      const result = await resolveAndInsertSource(
+        pool,
+        work,
+        sourceRef,
+        sourceRef,
+        movementsByName,
+        false,
+        IMAGE_DIR,
+        null
+      );
+      if (result.inserted) {
+        stats.discovered += 1;
+        console.log(`~ discovered ${edge.work.artist} / ${edge.work.title} ← [${sourceRef.type}] ${result.label}`);
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }
 
-async function resolvePaintingRef(ref, movementsByName) {
-  const artistName = normalizeArtist(ref.artist);
-  const artistId = await ensureArtist(ref, movementsByName);
-  if (!artistId) return null;
-  return ensurePainting(artistId, ref, artistName);
-}
-
-async function insertInfluence(workId, sourceId, edge) {
-  const result = await pool.query(
-    `INSERT INTO painting_influences
-       (painting_id, influenced_by_painting_id, notes, source, aspects, quote, source_author, source_url)
-     VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8)
-     ON CONFLICT (painting_id, influenced_by_painting_id) DO NOTHING
-     RETURNING id`,
-    [
-      workId,
-      sourceId,
-      edge.notes || null,
-      edge.source || null,
-      edge.aspects || null,
-      edge.quote || null,
-      edge.source_author || null,
-      edge.source_url || null,
-    ]
+async function discoverCatalog(limit) {
+  const { rows } = await pool.query(
+    `SELECT p.id, p.title, p.year, a.name AS artist_name
+     FROM paintings p
+     JOIN artists a ON a.id = p.artist_id
+     ORDER BY a.name, p.sort_order, p.year NULLS LAST`
   );
-  return result.rowCount > 0;
+
+  const targets = limit > 0 ? rows.slice(0, limit) : rows;
+  const movementsByName = await loadMovements(pool);
+  let discovered = 0;
+
+  for (const row of targets) {
+    const refs = await discoverInfluencesForWork({
+      artist: row.artist_name,
+      title: row.title,
+      year: row.year,
+    });
+    for (const sourceRef of refs) {
+      const result = await resolveAndInsertSource(
+        pool,
+        { id: row.id, year: row.year, artist_id: null },
+        sourceRef,
+        sourceRef,
+        movementsByName,
+        false,
+        IMAGE_DIR,
+        null
+      );
+      if (result.inserted) {
+        discovered += 1;
+        console.log(`~ discovered ${row.artist_name} / ${row.title} ← [${sourceRef.type}] ${result.label}`);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return discovered;
 }
 
 async function main() {
-  const movementsByName = await loadMovements();
-  let added = 0;
-  let skipped = 0;
-  let failed = 0;
+  const tableCheck = await pool.query(`
+    SELECT EXISTS (
+      SELECT FROM information_schema.tables
+      WHERE table_schema = 'public' AND table_name = 'painting_influence_sources'
+    ) AS ok
+  `);
+  if (!tableCheck.rows[0]?.ok) {
+    console.error('Run npm run migrate:influence-sources before update-influences.');
+    process.exit(1);
+  }
 
-  for (const edge of INFLUENCES) {
-    try {
-      const workId = await resolvePaintingRef(edge.work, movementsByName);
-      const sourceId = await resolvePaintingRef(edge.influencedBy, movementsByName);
+  const movementsByName = await loadMovements(pool);
+  const stats = { added: 0, skipped: 0, failed: 0, discovered: 0 };
 
-      if (!workId || !sourceId) {
-        failed += 1;
-        console.warn(
-          `✗ unresolved: ${edge.work.artist} / ${edge.work.title} <- ${edge.influencedBy?.artist} / ${edge.influencedBy?.title}`
-        );
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      if (workId === sourceId) {
-        skipped += 1;
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      const inserted = await insertInfluence(workId, sourceId, edge);
-      if (inserted) {
-        added += 1;
-        console.log(`→ ${edge.work.artist} / ${edge.work.title} ← ${edge.influencedBy.artist} / ${edge.influencedBy.title}`);
-      } else {
-        skipped += 1;
-      }
-    } catch (err) {
-      failed += 1;
-      console.warn(`✗ ${edge.work?.artist}: ${err.message}`);
+  if (!DISCOVER_ONLY) {
+    const edges = LIMIT > 0 ? INFLUENCES.slice(0, LIMIT) : INFLUENCES;
+    for (const edge of edges) {
+      await applyEdge(edge, movementsByName, stats);
     }
   }
 
-  const total = await pool.query('SELECT COUNT(*)::int AS n FROM painting_influences');
-  const connected = await pool.query(`
-    SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT a.id)::int AS n
-    FROM artists a
-    JOIN paintings p ON p.artist_id = a.id
-    JOIN painting_influences pi ON pi.painting_id = p.id OR pi.influenced_by_painting_id = p.id
-  `);
+  if (DISCOVER_ONLY) {
+    stats.discovered += await discoverCatalog(LIMIT);
+  }
 
-  console.log(`\nDone: ${added} added, ${skipped} skipped (duplicate/self), ${failed} failed`);
-  console.log(`Total influence edges: ${total.rows[0].n}`);
+  const [totalSources, totalLegacy, connected] = await Promise.all([
+    pool.query('SELECT COUNT(*)::int AS n FROM painting_influence_sources'),
+    pool.query('SELECT COUNT(*)::int AS n FROM painting_influences'),
+    pool.query(`
+      SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT a.id)::int AS n
+      FROM artists a
+      JOIN paintings p ON p.artist_id = a.id
+      LEFT JOIN painting_influence_sources pis ON pis.painting_id = p.id
+      LEFT JOIN painting_influences pi ON pi.painting_id = p.id OR pi.influenced_by_painting_id = p.id
+      WHERE pis.id IS NOT NULL OR pi.id IS NOT NULL
+    `),
+  ]);
+
+  console.log(
+    `\nDone: ${stats.added} curated added, ${stats.discovered} discovered, ${stats.skipped} skipped, ${stats.failed} failed`
+  );
+  console.log(`Total influence sources: ${totalSources.rows[0].n} (legacy painting edges: ${totalLegacy.rows[0].n})`);
   console.log(`Artists connected to influence graph: ${connected.rows[0].n}`);
 
   await pool.end();
diff --git a/server/image-service.js b/server/image-service.js
index 070c5a7..6224447 100644
--- a/server/image-service.js
+++ b/server/image-service.js
@@ -1,12 +1,31 @@
 const fs = require('fs');
 const path = require('path');
 const pool = require('./db');
-const { savePaintingImages } = require('../scripts/image-fetcher');
+const {
+  savePaintingImages,
+  downloadImageToFile,
+  generateThumbnailFromFull,
+  pickExt,
+} = require('../scripts/image-fetcher');
 
 const IMAGE_DIR = path.resolve(process.env.IMAGE_DIR || './data/images');
 const FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS = 15000;
 const inflight = new Map();
 
+function safePaintingBase(artistName, title) {
+  return `${artistName}_${title}`.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_-]/g, '_');
+}
+
+function unlinkIfExists(absPath) {
+  if (absPath && fs.existsSync(absPath)) {
+    try {
+      fs.unlinkSync(absPath);
+    } catch {
+      // ignore
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 function withTimeout(promise, ms) {
   return Promise.race([
     promise,
@@ -135,4 +154,57 @@ async function ensurePaintingImages(paintingId, size = 'thumb') {
   return promise;
 }
 
-module.exports = { ensurePaintingImages, preloadArtistImagesLocal, IMAGE_DIR };
+async function replacePaintingImageFromUrl(paintingId, imageUrl) {
+  const result = await pool.query(
+    `SELECT p.id, p.title, p.image_path, p.thumbnail_path, a.name AS artist_name
+     FROM paintings p
+     JOIN artists a ON a.id = p.artist_id
+     WHERE p.id = $1`,
+    [paintingId]
+  );
+  if (result.rows.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error('Painting not found');
+  }
+
+  const row = result.rows[0];
+  const safeBase = safePaintingBase(row.artist_name, row.title);
+  const paintingsDir = path.join(IMAGE_DIR, 'paintings');
+  const thumbsDir = path.join(IMAGE_DIR, 'paintings', 'thumbs');
+  if (!fs.existsSync(paintingsDir)) fs.mkdirSync(paintingsDir, { recursive: true });
+  if (!fs.existsSync(thumbsDir)) fs.mkdirSync(thumbsDir, { recursive: true });
+
+  const fullExt = pickExt(imageUrl);
+  const fullDest = path.join(paintingsDir, safeBase + fullExt);
+  const thumbDest = path.join(thumbsDir, safeBase + '_thumb.jpg');
+
+  unlinkIfExists(row.image_path ? path.join(IMAGE_DIR, row.image_path) : null);
+  unlinkIfExists(row.thumbnail_path ? path.join(IMAGE_DIR, row.thumbnail_path) : null);
+  unlinkIfExists(fullDest);
+  unlinkIfExists(thumbDest);
+
+  await downloadImageToFile(imageUrl, fullDest, { force: true });
+
+  let thumbnailPath = null;
+  try {
+    await generateThumbnailFromFull(fullDest, thumbDest);
+    thumbnailPath = path.join('paintings', 'thumbs', safeBase + '_thumb.jpg').replace(/\\/g, '/');
+  } catch {
+    thumbnailPath = path.join('paintings', safeBase + fullExt).replace(/\\/g, '/');
+  }
+
+  const imagePath = path.join('paintings', safeBase + fullExt).replace(/\\/g, '/');
+
+  await pool.query(
+    `UPDATE paintings SET image_path = $1, thumbnail_path = $2 WHERE id = $3`,
+    [imagePath, thumbnailPath, paintingId]
+  );
+
+  return { imagePath, thumbnailPath };
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  ensurePaintingImages,
+  preloadArtistImagesLocal,
+  replacePaintingImageFromUrl,
+  IMAGE_DIR,
+};
diff --git a/server/index.js b/server/index.js
index 1952f93..7fdec67 100644
--- a/server/index.js
+++ b/server/index.js
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ const fs = require('fs');
 require('dotenv').config();
 
 const pool = require('./db');
-const { ensurePaintingImages, preloadArtistImagesLocal, IMAGE_DIR } = require('./image-service');
+const { ensurePaintingImages, preloadArtistImagesLocal, replacePaintingImageFromUrl, IMAGE_DIR } = require('./image-service');
+const { searchGoogleImagesFirst, fetchImageBuffer, pickExt } = require('../scripts/image-fetcher');
 
 const app = express();
 const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3001;
@@ -14,7 +15,50 @@ app.use(cors());
 app.use(express.json());
 app.use('/images', express.static(IMAGE_DIR));
 
-// Timeline: eras + movements for a year range
+const INFLUENCE_LINKS_EXISTS = `
+  EXISTS (
+    SELECT 1 FROM painting_influence_sources pis
+    WHERE pis.painting_id = p.id OR pis.source_painting_id = p.id
+  ) OR EXISTS (
+    SELECT 1 FROM painting_influences pi
+    WHERE pi.painting_id = p.id OR pi.influenced_by_painting_id = p.id
+  )`;
+
+const INFLUENCED_BY_SQL = `
+  SELECT
+    pis.source_type,
+    pis.period_note,
+    pis.period_start_year,
+    pis.period_end_year,
+    pis.notes,
+    pis.source,
+    pis.aspects,
+    pis.quote,
+    pis.source_author,
+    pis.source_url,
+    pis.confidence,
+    pis.discovered_via,
+    p.id,
+    p.title,
+    p.year,
+    p.image_path,
+    pa.name AS artist_name,
+    pa.id AS artist_id,
+    sa.id AS source_artist_id,
+    sa.name AS source_artist_name,
+    sa.portrait_path AS artist_portrait,
+    m.id AS movement_id,
+    m.name AS movement_name,
+    m.color AS movement_color
+  FROM painting_influence_sources pis
+  LEFT JOIN paintings p ON pis.source_painting_id = p.id
+  LEFT JOIN artists pa ON p.artist_id = pa.id
+  LEFT JOIN artists sa ON pis.source_artist_id = sa.id
+  LEFT JOIN art_movements m ON pis.source_movement_id = m.id
+  WHERE pis.painting_id = $1
+  ORDER BY
+    CASE pis.source_type WHEN 'painting' THEN 1 WHEN 'artist' THEN 2 ELSE 3 END,
+    COALESCE(p.year, pis.period_start_year) NULLS LAST`;
 app.get('/api/timeline', async (req, res) => {
   try {
     const { start, end } = req.query;
@@ -131,29 +175,51 @@ app.get('/api/artists/:id/navigation', async (req, res) => {
       );
     };
 
+    const predecessorSql = `
+      SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.name, a.birth_year, a.death_year, a.portrait_path,
+             m.id AS movement_id, m.name AS movement_name, m.color AS movement_color
+      FROM paintings p_work
+      JOIN painting_influence_sources pis ON pis.painting_id = p_work.id
+      LEFT JOIN paintings p_pred ON pis.source_painting_id = p_pred.id
+      LEFT JOIN artists a ON a.id = COALESCE(p_pred.artist_id, pis.source_artist_id)
+      LEFT JOIN art_movements m ON a.movement_id = m.id
+      WHERE p_work.artist_id = $1 AND a.id IS NOT NULL AND a.id <> $1
+      UNION
+      SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.name, a.birth_year, a.death_year, a.portrait_path,
+             m.id AS movement_id, m.name AS movement_name, m.color AS movement_color
+      FROM painting_influences pi
+      JOIN paintings p_work ON pi.painting_id = p_work.id
+      JOIN paintings p_pred ON pi.influenced_by_painting_id = p_pred.id
+      JOIN artists a ON p_pred.artist_id = a.id
+      LEFT JOIN art_movements m ON a.movement_id = m.id
+      WHERE p_work.artist_id = $1 AND a.id <> $1`;
+
+    const successorSql = `
+      SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.name, a.birth_year, a.death_year, a.portrait_path,
+             m.id AS movement_id, m.name AS movement_name, m.color AS movement_color
+      FROM painting_influence_sources pis
+      JOIN paintings p_src ON pis.source_painting_id = p_src.id
+      JOIN paintings p_work ON pis.painting_id = p_work.id
+      JOIN artists a ON p_work.artist_id = a.id
+      LEFT JOIN art_movements m ON a.movement_id = m.id
+      WHERE p_src.artist_id = $1 AND a.id <> $1
+      UNION
+      SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.name, a.birth_year, a.death_year, a.portrait_path,
+             m.id AS movement_id, m.name AS movement_name, m.color AS movement_color
+      FROM painting_influences pi
+      JOIN paintings p_src ON pi.influenced_by_painting_id = p_src.id
+      JOIN paintings p_work ON pi.painting_id = p_work.id
+      JOIN artists a ON p_work.artist_id = a.id
+      LEFT JOIN art_movements m ON a.movement_id = m.id
+      WHERE p_src.artist_id = $1 AND a.id <> $1`;
+
     const [predecessors, successors] = await Promise.all([
       pool.query(
-        `SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.name, a.birth_year, a.death_year, a.portrait_path,
-                m.id AS movement_id, m.name AS movement_name, m.color AS movement_color
-         FROM painting_influences pi
-         JOIN paintings p_work ON pi.painting_id = p_work.id
-         JOIN paintings p_pred ON pi.influenced_by_painting_id = p_pred.id
-         JOIN artists a ON p_pred.artist_id = a.id
-         LEFT JOIN art_movements m ON a.movement_id = m.id
-         WHERE p_work.artist_id = $1 AND a.id <> $1
-         ORDER BY m.name NULLS LAST, a.birth_year NULLS LAST, a.name`,
+        `SELECT * FROM (${predecessorSql}) u ORDER BY movement_name NULLS LAST, birth_year NULLS LAST, name`,
         [artistId]
       ),
       pool.query(
-        `SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.name, a.birth_year, a.death_year, a.portrait_path,
-                m.id AS movement_id, m.name AS movement_name, m.color AS movement_color
-         FROM painting_influences pi
-         JOIN paintings p_src ON pi.influenced_by_painting_id = p_src.id
-         JOIN paintings p_work ON pi.painting_id = p_work.id
-         JOIN artists a ON p_work.artist_id = a.id
-         LEFT JOIN art_movements m ON a.movement_id = m.id
-         WHERE p_src.artist_id = $1 AND a.id <> $1
-         ORDER BY m.name NULLS LAST, a.birth_year NULLS LAST, a.name`,
+        `SELECT * FROM (${successorSql}) u ORDER BY movement_name NULLS LAST, birth_year NULLS LAST, name`,
         [artistId]
       ),
     ]);
@@ -186,10 +252,7 @@ app.get('/api/artists/:id', async (req, res) => {
       ),
       pool.query(
         `SELECT p.*,
-                EXISTS (
-                  SELECT 1 FROM painting_influences pi
-                  WHERE pi.painting_id = p.id OR pi.influenced_by_painting_id = p.id
-                ) AS has_influence_links
+                (${INFLUENCE_LINKS_EXISTS}) AS has_influence_links
          FROM paintings p
          WHERE p.artist_id = $1
          ORDER BY p.sort_order, p.year`,
@@ -212,6 +275,50 @@ app.get('/api/artists/:id', async (req, res) => {
   }
 });
 
+// Painting image checkup (developer audit table) — must be before /api/paintings/:id
+app.get('/api/paintings/checkup', async (_req, res) => {
+  try {
+    const { rows } = await pool.query(
+      `SELECT p.id, p.title, p.year, p.image_path, p.thumbnail_path, a.name AS artist_name
+       FROM paintings p
+       JOIN artists a ON a.id = p.artist_id
+       ORDER BY a.name, p.year NULLS LAST, p.title`
+    );
+
+    const paintings = rows.map((row) => {
+      const galleryFile = row.image_path || row.thumbnail_path || null;
+      const detailFile = row.image_path || row.thumbnail_path || null;
+      const detailOnDemand = !detailFile;
+
+      const galleryFileExists = galleryFile
+        ? fs.existsSync(path.join(IMAGE_DIR, galleryFile))
+        : false;
+      const detailFileExists = detailFile
+        ? fs.existsSync(path.join(IMAGE_DIR, detailFile))
+        : false;
+
+      return {
+        id: row.id,
+        title: row.title,
+        artist_name: row.artist_name,
+        year: row.year,
+        gallery_file: galleryFile,
+        gallery_preview: row.thumbnail_path || galleryFile,
+        detail_file: detailOnDemand ? `/api/paintings/${row.id}/image?size=full` : detailFile,
+        detail_preview: row.thumbnail_path || (detailOnDemand ? null : detailFile),
+        detail_on_demand: detailOnDemand,
+        gallery_file_exists: galleryFileExists,
+        detail_file_exists: detailOnDemand ? null : detailFileExists,
+      };
+    });
+
+    res.json({ paintings, total: paintings.length });
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error('Checkup error:', err.message);
+    res.status(500).json({ error: 'Failed to load checkup data' });
+  }
+});
+
 // Painting detail with influences
 app.get('/api/paintings/:id', async (req, res) => {
   try {
@@ -219,10 +326,7 @@ app.get('/api/paintings/:id', async (req, res) => {
 
     const painting = await pool.query(
       `SELECT p.*, a.name as artist_name, a.id as artist_id, a.portrait_path as artist_portrait,
-              EXISTS (
-                SELECT 1 FROM painting_influences pi
-                WHERE pi.painting_id = p.id OR pi.influenced_by_painting_id = p.id
-              ) AS has_influence_links
+              (${INFLUENCE_LINKS_EXISTS}) AS has_influence_links
        FROM paintings p
        JOIN artists a ON p.artist_id = a.id
        WHERE p.id = $1`,
@@ -234,22 +338,26 @@ app.get('/api/paintings/:id', async (req, res) => {
     }
 
     const [influencedBy, influenced] = await Promise.all([
+      pool.query(INFLUENCED_BY_SQL, [id]),
       pool.query(
-        `SELECT pi.notes, pi.source, pi.aspects, pi.quote, pi.source_author, pi.source_url,
-                p.id, p.title, p.year, p.image_path, a.name as artist_name, a.id as artist_id
-         FROM painting_influences pi
-         JOIN paintings p ON pi.influenced_by_painting_id = p.id
-         JOIN artists a ON p.artist_id = a.id
-         WHERE pi.painting_id = $1`,
-        [id]
-      ),
-      pool.query(
-        `SELECT pi.notes, pi.source, pi.aspects, pi.quote, pi.source_author, pi.source_url,
-                p.id, p.title, p.year, p.image_path, a.name as artist_name, a.id as artist_id
-         FROM painting_influences pi
-         JOIN paintings p ON pi.painting_id = p.id
-         JOIN artists a ON p.artist_id = a.id
-         WHERE pi.influenced_by_painting_id = $1`,
+        `SELECT * FROM (
+          SELECT pi.notes, pi.source, pi.aspects, pi.quote, pi.source_author, pi.source_url,
+                 'painting' AS source_type,
+                 p.id, p.title, p.year, p.image_path, a.name as artist_name, a.id as artist_id
+          FROM painting_influences pi
+          JOIN paintings p ON pi.painting_id = p.id
+          JOIN artists a ON p.artist_id = a.id
+          WHERE pi.influenced_by_painting_id = $1
+          UNION ALL
+          SELECT pis.notes, pis.source, pis.aspects, pis.quote, pis.source_author, pis.source_url,
+                 'painting' AS source_type,
+                 p.id, p.title, p.year, p.image_path, a.name as artist_name, a.id as artist_id
+          FROM painting_influence_sources pis
+          JOIN paintings p ON pis.painting_id = p.id
+          JOIN artists a ON p.artist_id = a.id
+          WHERE pis.source_painting_id = $1 AND pis.source_type = 'painting'
+        ) influenced_works
+        ORDER BY year NULLS LAST`,
         [id]
       ),
     ]);
@@ -277,6 +385,68 @@ app.post('/api/artists/:id/preload-images', async (req, res) => {
   }
 });
 
+// Developer debug: Google Images first result for image audit
+app.get('/api/paintings/:id/debug-image-search', async (req, res) => {
+  try {
+    const paintingId = parseInt(req.params.id, 10);
+    const result = await pool.query(
+      `SELECT p.title, a.name AS artist_name
+       FROM paintings p
+       JOIN artists a ON a.id = p.artist_id
+       WHERE p.id = $1`,
+      [paintingId]
+    );
+    if (result.rows.length === 0) {
+      return res.status(404).json({ error: 'Painting not found' });
+    }
+
+    const { title, artist_name: artistName } = result.rows[0];
+    const search = await searchGoogleImagesFirst(artistName, title);
+    res.json(search);
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error('Debug image search error:', err.message);
+    res.status(500).json({ error: 'Image search failed' });
+  }
+});
+
+// Developer debug: replace painting image with a search result URL
+app.post('/api/paintings/:id/fix-image', async (req, res) => {
+  try {
+    const paintingId = parseInt(req.params.id, 10);
+    const imageUrl = req.body?.imageUrl;
+    if (!imageUrl || typeof imageUrl !== 'string' || !/^https?:\/\//i.test(imageUrl)) {
+      return res.status(400).json({ error: 'Valid imageUrl required' });
+    }
+
+    const updated = await replacePaintingImageFromUrl(paintingId, imageUrl);
+    res.json(updated);
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error('Fix image error:', err.message);
+    res.status(500).json({ error: err.message || 'Fix image failed' });
+  }
+});
+
+// Proxy remote image for debug preview (avoids hotlink / CORS blocks)
+app.get('/api/debug/image-proxy', async (req, res) => {
+  try {
+    const imageUrl = req.query.url;
+    if (!imageUrl || typeof imageUrl !== 'string' || !/^https?:\/\//i.test(imageUrl)) {
+      return res.status(400).json({ error: 'Valid url query required' });
+    }
+
+    const buffer = await fetchImageBuffer(imageUrl);
+    const ext = pickExt(imageUrl).toLowerCase();
+    const type =
+      ext === '.png' ? 'image/png' : ext === '.webp' ? 'image/webp' : 'image/jpeg';
+    res.setHeader('Content-Type', type);
+    res.setHeader('Cache-Control', 'no-store');
+    res.send(buffer);
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error('Image proxy error:', err.message);
+    res.status(502).json({ error: 'Could not load preview image' });
+  }
+});
+
 // On-demand painting image (resolves, caches, serves thumb or full)
 app.get('/api/paintings/:id/image', async (req, res) => {
   try {